Mycorrhizal networks affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community similarity between conspecific trees and seedlings

Bingham, Marcus A.; Simard, Suzanne W.

doi:10.1007/s00572-011-0406-y

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There were little changes in seasonal dynamics and in response to drought in sebacinalean ECMs of a Mediterranean forest dominated by Quercus ilex (Richard et al 2011). ECM networks of adult Pseudotsuga menziesii seemed to be advantageous for their seedlings, especially under drought stress (Bingham and Simard 2012). The dominant OTUs of Pinus montezumae ECMs were composed of Atheliaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Sebacinaceae, but differed on seedlings and adult pines (Reverchon et al 2012).…”

Section: Sebacinalean Ectomycorrhizae (Ecm)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Oberwinkler¹,

Riess²,

Bauer³

et al. 2013

Mycol Progress

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A historical retrospect and a taxonomic update will deal with Sebacina s.l. and s.str., Craterocolla, Efibulobasidium, Serendipita, Trem ell odendron, Trem ell oscypha, Tremellostereum, and Piriformospora, the Sebacinaceae, and the Sebacinales. Phylogenetic hypotheses for the order and subordinal taxa are discussed, including environmental sequence taxa. The cryptic biodiversity in Sebacinales is extensive but mostly unresolved with respect to the species involved.

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Section: Sebacinalean Ectomycorrhizae (Ecm)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Oberwinkler¹,

Riess²,

Bauer³

et al. 2013

Mycol Progress

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“…Effects on soil invertebrates were not specifically investigated; however, Teste and others (2006) found that moisture equilibrated rapidly between soil inside and outside of mesh bags of both pore sizes. Old trees and seedlings shared eight fungal morphotypes over 60% of their root tips, indicating strong networking potential (Bingham and Simard 2011b). Mesh bags were 17 cm diameter by 32 cm deep, and completely encapsulated the root system of the seedling.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal Networks of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Trees Facilitate Establishment of Conspecific Seedlings Under Drought

Bingham

Simard

2011

Ecosystems

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Ectomycorrhizal (EM) networks are hypothesized to facilitate regeneration under abiotic stress. We tested the role of networks in interactions between P. menziesii var. glauca trees and conspecific seedlings along a climatic moisture gradient to: (1) determine the effects of climatic factors on network facilitation of Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Mayr) seedling establishment, (2) infer the changing importance of P. menziesii var. glauca parent trees in conspecific regeneration with climate, and (3) parse the competitive from facilitative effects of P. menziesii var. glauca trees on seedlings. When drought conditions were greatest, seedling growth increased when seedlings could form a network with trees in the absence of root competition, but was reduced when unable to form a network. Survival was maximized when seedlings were able to form a network in the absence of root competition. Seedling stem natural abundance d 13 C increased with drought due to increasing water use efficiency, but was unaffected by distance from tree or network potential. We conclude that P. menziesii seedlings may benefit from the presence of established P. menziesii trees when growing under climatic drought, but that this benefit is contingent upon the establishment of an EM network prior to the onset of summer drought. These results suggest that networks are an important mechanism for EM plants establishing in a pattern consistent with the stress-gradient hypothesis, and therefore the importance of EM networks to facilitation in regeneration of EM trees is expected to increase with drought.

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“…Soil moisture regimes refer to the average amount of soil water annually available for evapotranspiration by vascular plants over multiple years (Pojar, Klinka & Meidinger ). Recent field experiments have found that mycorrhizal network facilitation between mature and regenerating interior Douglas‐fir trees increases under water deficit conditions (Bingham & Simard ). These findings support the stress‐gradient hypothesis, which infers that net effects of community interactions shift in importance from competition to facilitation with increasing environmental stress (Bertness & Callaway ; Callaway ; Brooker et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topology of tree–mycorrhizal fungus interaction networks in xeric and mesic Douglas‐fir forests

2015

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1. From the phytocentric perspective, a mycorrhizal network (MN) is formed when the roots of two or more plants are colonized by the same fungal genet. MNs can be modelled as interaction networks with plants as nodes and fungal genets as links. The potential effects of MNs on facilitation or competition between plants are increasingly recognized, but their network topologies remain largely unknown. This information is needed to understand the ecological significance of MN functional traits. 2. The objectives of this study were to describe the interaction network topologies of MNs formed between two ectomycorrhizal fungal species, Rhizopogon vesiculosus and R. vinicolor, and interior Douglas-fir trees at the forest stand scale, identify factors leading to this structure and to contrast MN structures between forest plots with xeric versus mesic soil moisture regimes. 3. Tuberculate mycorrhizas were sampled in six 10 9 10 m plots with either xeric or mesic soil moisture regimes. Microsatellite DNA markers were used to identify tree and fungal genotypes isolated from mycorrhizas and for comparison with reference tree boles above-ground. 4. In all six plots, trees and fungal genets were highly interconnected. Size asymmetries between different tree cohorts led to non-random MN topologies, while differences in size and connectivity between Rhizopogon species-specific subnetwork components contributed towards MN nestedness. Large mature trees acted as network hubs with a significantly higher node degree compared to smaller trees. MNs representing trees linked by R. vinicolor genets were mostly nested within larger, more highly connected R. vesiculosus-linked MNs. 5. Attributes of network nodes showed that hub trees were more important to MN topology on xeric than mesic sites, but the emergent structures of MNs were similar in the two soil moisture regimes. 6. Synthesis. This study suggests MNs formed between interior Douglas-fir trees and R. vesiculosus and R. vinicolor genets are resilient to the random loss of participants, and to soil water stress, but may be susceptible to the loss of large trees or fungal genets. Our results regarding the topology of MNs contribute to the understanding of forest stand dynamics and the resilience of forests to stress or disturbance.

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Mycorrhizal networks affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community similarity between conspecific trees and seedlings

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Enigmatic Sebacinales

Ectomycorrhizal Networks of Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Trees Facilitate Establishment of Conspecific Seedlings Under Drought

Topology of tree–mycorrhizal fungus interaction networks in xeric and mesic Douglas‐fir forests

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