Mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions

Newsham, Kevin K.; Upson, Rebecca; Read, David

doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2008.10.005

Cited by 183 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

127

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, we need to know their identity, their distribution and what factors shape these communities in the Arctic. However, despite the ubiquity and significance of EMF for Arctic tundra and the fact that they have been reported for more than a century (Hesselman 1900, Bledsoe et al 1990, Kohn and Stasovski 1990, Gardes and Dahlberg 1996, Newsham et al 2009), our knowledge of the identity, distribution and ecology of arctic EMF is only fragmentary (reviewed in Timling and Taylor 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

Timling

Dahlberg²,

Walker

et al. 2012

Ecosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbioses with a few plant species that comprise a large fraction of the arctic vegetation. Despite their importance, the identity, abundance and distribution of EMF in the Arctic, as well as the key drivers controlling their community composition are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the diversity and structure of EMF communities across a bioclimatic gradient spanning much of the North American Arctic. We collected roots from two principal arctic ectomycorrhizal host plants, Salix arctica and Dryas integrifolia, typically growing intermingled, at 23 locations stratified across the five bioclimatic subzones of the Arctic. DNA was extracted from ectomycorrhizal root tips and the ITS region was sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. A total of 242 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were documented, with 203 OTUs belonging to the Basidiomycota and 39 to the Ascomycota, exceeding the number of previously morphologically described EMF in the Arctic. EMF communities were dominated by a few common and species-rich families such as Thelephoraceae, Inocybaceae, Sebacinaceae, Cortinariaceae, and Pyronemataceae. Both host plants showed similar species richness, with 176 OTUs on Salix arctica and 154 OTUs on Dryas integrifolia. Host plant identity did not affect EMF community composition. The ten most abundant OTUs had a wide geographic distribution throughout the Arctic, and were also found in boreal, temperate and Mediterranean regions, where they were associated with a variety of hosts. Species richness did not decline with increasing latitude. However, EMF community structure changed gradually across the bioclimatic gradient with the greatest similarity between neighboring bioclimatic subzones and locations. EMF community structure was correlated with environmental factors at a regional scale, corresponding to a complex of glaciation history, geology, soil properties, plant productivity and climate. This is the first large-scale study of EMF communities across all five bioclimatic subzones of the North American Arctic, accompanied by an extensive set of environmental factors analyzed to date. While our study provides baseline data to assess shifts of plant and fungi distribution in response to climate change, it also suggests that with ongoing climate warming, EMF community composition may be affected by northward shifts of some taxa.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

Timling

Dahlberg²,

Walker

et al. 2012

Ecosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9). There was also no traces of dark septate fungi reported by Newsham et al [24] to occur in polar regions. We only found different resting spores of Olpidium spp.…”

Section: Mycorrhizal Status Of Mosses and Hairgrassmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, mycorrhization would enable the constant flux of photoassimilates to deeper soil layers and additionally increase biogenic weathering. Reports on mycorrhization of D. antarctica exist, but are contradictory [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successional patterns along soil development gradients formed by glacier retreat in the Maritime Antarctic, King George Island

Boy

Godoy

Shibistova

et al. 2016

Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Maritime Antarctica is severely affected by climate change and accelerating glacier retreat forming temporal gradients of soil development. Successional patterns of soil development and plant succession in the region are largely unknown, as are the feedback mechanisms between both processes. Here we identify three temporal gradients representing horizontal and vertical glacier retreat, as well as formation of raised beaches due to isostatic uplift, and describe soil formation and plant succession along them. Our hypotheses are (i) plants in Antarctica are able to modulate the two base parameters in soil development, organic C content and pH, along the temporal gradients, leading to an increase in organic carbon and soil acidity at relatively short time scales, (ii) the soil development induces succession along these gradients, and (iii) with increasing soil development, bryophytes and Deschampsia antarctica develop mycorrhiza in maritime Antarctica in order to foster interaction with soil. Results: All temporal gradients showed soil development leading to differentiation of soil horizons, carbon accumulation and increasing pH with age. Photoautptroph succession occurred rapidly after glacier retreat, but occurrences of mosses and lichens interacting with soils by rhizoids or rhizines were only observed in the later stages. The community of ground dwelling mosses and lichens is the climax community of soil succession, as the Antarctic hairgrass D. antarctica was restricted to ornithic soils. Neither D. antarctica nor mosses at the best developed soils showed any sign of mycorrhization. Conclusion: Temporal gradients formed by glacier retreat can be identified in maritime Antarctic, where soil development and plant succession of a remarkable pace can be observed, although pseudo-succession occurs by fertilization gradients caused by bird feces. Thus, the majority of ice-free surface in Antarctica is colonized by plant communities which interact with soil by litter input rather than by direct transfer of photoassimilates to soil.

show abstract

“…En hábitats árticos, los HMA están completamente ausentes o bien, su presencia es esporádica, por lo que los DSE pueden actuar como microorganismos mutualistas para las plantas establecidas en esos ambientes (Newsham et al, 2009). Väre et al (1992) evaluaron la colonización por DSE en 76 especies vegetales de 19 familias botánicas en zonas árticas de Noruega, encontrando que los DSE son colonizadores predominantes, mientras que los HECM y los hongos micorrízicos ericoides (HMEric) se detectaron en un nú-mero restringido de plantas, y los HMA no estuvieron presentes en ninguna de las especies vegetales analizadas.…”

Section: Diversidad Y Distribuciónunclassified

Diversidad, ecología e importancia potencial de los hongos endófitos septados obscuros en México

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La simbiosis representa una estrategia clave para el éxito de muchos grupos de organismos; de hecho, es un proceso ubicuo que ha favorecido la expresión y diversifi cación de la vida en la Tierra y contribuye en la dinámica de los nutrientes en la biosfera (Lane y Archibald, 2008). Evolutivamente, las plantas requieren de la asociación con organismos especializados que favorecen su adaptación a ciertos nichos ecológicos, y a la vez, mantienen un crecimiento y desarrollo adecuado (Yuan et al., 2010a Autor para la correspondencia: aalarconcp@gmail.comResumen: Como parte de los microorganismos endófi tos de la raíz se encuentra un grupo de hongos que por sus características morfológicas son denominados hongos endófi tos septados obscuros. Estos hongos están presentes en la mayoría de los ecosistemas terrestres y pueden cohabitar o no con los hongos micorrízicos. El conocimiento de las funciones biológicas y ecológicas de este grupo de hongos endófi tos representa un nuevo reto para quienes estudian las relaciones simbióticas. En México, a pesar de ser reconocido como uno de los países con mayor diversidad vegetal a nivel mundial, la información sobre la ecología y particularmente, sobre los benefi cios de los endófi tos mencionados en las plantas es casi nula. Lo anterior resalta la necesidad de abordar áreas de investigación emergentes relacionadas con el aislamiento, identifi cación y evaluación de los hongos endófi tos septados obscuros, para comprender mejor su biología, diversidad y sinergismo con otros microorganismos benéfi cos, con la fi nalidad de poder utilizar estos endófi tos como una herramienta biotecnológica para el desarrollo agrícola y forestal en México. Palabras clave: aplicación potencial, endófi tos septados obscuros, fósforo, micorriza, mutualismo, nitrógeno, raíz, simbiosis. Abstract:There is a group of fungi which belongs to the root endophytic microorganisms that due to their morphological characteristics are called dark septate endophytes. These fungi are present in most terrestrial ecosystems and can live together or not with mycorrhizal fungi. The understanding of the biology and ecological functions of this group of endophytes represents a new challenge for those researchers focused on the symbiotic relationships. Mexico, despite being recognized as one of the countries with the highest plant diversity worldwide, lacks of information concerning on the ecology and particularly, on the benefi ts of such fungal endophytes. The later highlights the need for studying emerging research areas related to the isolation, identifi cation and evaluation of dark septate endophytes and thus, to understand their biology, diversity and synergy with other benefi cial microorganisms. Such fundamental knowledge will allow the potential use of those fungal endophytes as a biotechnological tool for agriculture and forestry in Mexico.

show abstract

Mycorrhizas and dark septate root endophytes in polar regions

Cited by 183 publications

References 52 publications

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

Distribution and drivers of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across the North American Arctic

Successional patterns along soil development gradients formed by glacier retreat in the Maritime Antarctic, King George Island

Diversidad, ecología e importancia potencial de los hongos endófitos septados obscuros en México

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About