Mycorrhization between Cistus ladanifer L. and Boletus edulis Bull is enhanced by the mycorrhiza helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula

Abstract

Boletus edulis Bull. is one of the most economically and gastronomically valuable fungi worldwide. Sporocarp production normally occurs when symbiotically associated with a number of tree species in stands over 40 years old, but it has also been reported in 3-year-old Cistus ladanifer L. shrubs. Efforts toward the domestication of B. edulis have thus focused on successfully generating C. ladanifer seedlings associated with B. edulis under controlled conditions. Microorganisms have an important role mediating mycorrhizal symbiosis, such as some bacteria species which enhance mycorrhiza formation (mycorrhiza helper bacteria). Thus, in this study, we explored the effect that mycorrhiza helper bacteria have on the efficiency and intensity of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between C. ladanifer and B. edulis. The aim of this work was to optimize an in vitro protocol for the mycorrhizal synthesis of B. edulis with C. ladanifer by testing the effects of fungal culture time and coinoculation with the helper bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula. The results confirmed successful mycorrhizal synthesis between C. ladanifer and B. edulis. Coinoculation of B. edulis with P. fluorescens doubled within-plant mycorrhization levels although it did not result in an increased number of seedlings colonized with B. edulis mycorrhizae. B. edulis mycelium culture time also increased mycorrhization levels but not the presence of mycorrhizae. These findings bring us closer to controlled B. edulis sporocarp production in plantations.

Wild mushrooms in Ethiopia: A review and synthesis for future perspective

“…Plantation forests in Ethiopia and also in others countries in the region could provide opportunities to introduce important mushroom species and can be used for large scale cultivation purposes. Globally highly appreciated taxa such as Boletus pinophilus, B. edulis and Lactarius deliciosus could be produced in plantation forests by means of seedling mycorrhization (Högberg & Piearce, 1986;Perry et al, 1987;Águeda et al, 2008;Mediavilla et al, 2016). Thus, adopting and scaling up of mycorrhization technologies may offer incentives for widening mushroom cultivation practices.…”

Taxonomic resolution is a determinant of biodiversity effects in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

“…Data synthesis from these artificial environments might overstate or underestimate the real effects of AMF biodiversity. For example, in these controlled conditions, mycorrhizal helper bacteria or pathogenic microbes, both of which closely interact with AMF in natural systems and may alter host responses to AMF (Veresoglou & Rillig 2012;Mediavilla et al 2016), might not be present in the experimental soils. In addition, most of our source experiments utilized very low AMF diversity of ≤5 species or ≤3 families, which is much lower than what is found in natural systems (Helgason et al 1998;Lumini et al 2010).…”

Isolation and Characterization of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria from the Fairy Rings of Floccularia Luteovirens

“…Thus, to investigate the promoting ability of all the isolates comprehensively, testing on nutrition-poor medium must be done in future experiments. 2) Regarding the genotype speci city of MHBs, many studies have shown that different genotypes of ECM fungi may exhibit differently when cocultured with bacteria (Mediavilla et al 2016). In our study, we used the single strain F. luteovirens, thus results may vary when multiple strains are used.…”