Mycosporine-alanine: A self-inhibitor of germination from the conidial mucilage ofColletotrichum graminicola

Leite, Brenda Chaves Coelho; Nicholson, Ralph L.

doi:10.1016/0147-5975(92)90043-q

Cited by 115 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…They are present in the mucilage that surrounds conidia of some fungi, confirming its direct presence in cultures with this morphology, with no evidences of their presence inside the conidia [23]. In some fungi, mycosporins are also described to protect conidia from solar radiation during atmospheric dispersal and prevent untimely germination [24] prolonging their survival. Therefore, the modulated production of these molecules by yeasts represents an interesting subject for further research due to its ecological, taxonomical and biotechnological implications [25].…”

Section: Dothiora Sp Biomarkers Related To Growth Morphologymentioning

confidence: 75%

Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes

et al. 2016

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Small molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are commonly used to perturb the production of fungal metabolites leading to the induction of the expression of silent biosynthetic pathways. Several reports have described the variable effects observed in natural product profiles in fungi treated with HDAC and DNMT inhibitors, such as enhanced chemical diversity and/or the induction of new molecules previously unknown to be produced by the strain. Fungal endophytes are known to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) involved in their adaptation and survival within higher plants. The plant-microbe interaction may influence the expression of some biosynthetic pathways, otherwise cryptic in these fungi when grown in vitro. The aim of this study was to setup a systematic approach to evaluate and identify the possible effects of HDAC and DNMT inhibitors on the metabolic profiles of wild type fungal endophytes, including the chemical identification and characterization of the most significant SMs induced by these epigenetic modifiers.

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Section: Dothiora Sp Biomarkers Related To Growth Morphologymentioning

confidence: 75%

Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes

et al. 2016

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“…Cell preparation Conidia were harvested from 14-day-old cultures, at maximumgermination capacity (17) and washed in distilled water. Cellophane membraneswere previously placed on the bot-torn of a 50ml beaker to receive conidia for germination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is embedded in a mucilage (26) which exhibits high concentrations of the secondary metabolite mycosporinealanine, responsible for self-inhibition of conidia germination (17). In C. graminicola conidia, the main endogenous nutritional reserve is constituted of lipid bodies, which fill most of the young conidia cytoplasm (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Mobilization and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Lytic Compartments during Conidium Dormancy and Appressorium Formation of Colletotrichum graminicola.

Schadeck

Leite

Buchi

1998

Cell Struct. Funct.

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ABSTRACT. Colletotrichum graminicola, a pathogen of sorghum and corn, was investigated prior and during germination as to certain aspects of acid phosphatase activity and lipid mobilization. Ungerminated conidia cytoplasm was filled with lipid deposits, which were mobilized during the germination process. Cytochemical ultrastructural examination showedthat conidia vacuoles exhibit acid phosphatase activity, which is suggestive of lytic activity. Lipid bodies, stored in the ungerminated conidia cytoplasm, were internalized by vacuoles in a process analogous to microautophagy and were apparently digested inside them. The lipid bodies disappeared and vacuoles became enlarged in conidial cells during germination. Appressoria also showed acid phosphatase activity in multiple heterogeneous vesicles which were, in most cases, juxtaposed with lipid bodies. These results suggest that the vacuolar system plays an important role during C. graminicola germination and that the initial stages of lipid metabolization are taking place inside the vacuoles.

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“…form large numbers of conidia embedded in mucilage but not germinating there. From the mucilage that surrounds the conidia of this fungus, a self-inhibitor of germination named mycosporine-alanine has been identified and characterized (26). Germination is also retarded in pustules of rust fungi (Basidiomycetes) where cisferulic acid methyl ester and cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid methyl ester have been identified (28,36).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination of Penicillium paneum Conidia Is Regulated by 1-Octen-3-ol, a Volatile Self-Inhibitor

Chitarra

Abee

Rombouts

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

189

118

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Penicillium paneum is an important contaminant of cereal grains which is able to grow at low temperature, low pH, high levels of carbon dioxide, and under acid conditions. P. paneum produces mycotoxins, which may be harmful to animals and humans. We found that conidia in dense suspensions showed poor germination, suggesting the presence of a self-inhibitor. A volatile compound(s) produced by these high-density conditions also inhibited mycelial growth of different species of fungi belonging to a variety of genera, suggesting a broad action range. The heat-stable compound was isolated by successive centrifugation of the supernatant obtained from spore suspensions with a density of 10 9 conidia ml ؊1 . By using static headspace analyses, two major peaks were distinguished, with the highest production of these metabolites after 22 h of incubation at 25°C and shaking at 140 rpm. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectra analysis revealed the compounds to be 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol. Notably, only the latter compound appeared to block the germination process at different developmental stages of the conidia (swelling and germ tube formation). In this study, 1-octen-3-ol influenced different developmental processes during the P. paneum life cycle, including induction of microcycle conidiation and inhibition of spore germination. Therefore, the compound can be considered a fungal hormone during fungal development.The spore is an important vehicle for distribution or longterm survival of fungi. Conidia are nonmotile asexual spores, which can be produced in very large numbers by fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales. This order, which includes the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium (14), contains many species of food-related fungi. Conidia are dispersed into the air but do not germinate before they reach a suitable substrate. Invariably, germination is inhibited when spores are present in high densities, an effect observed for example in Aspergillus niger and the zygomycete Syncephalastrum racemosum (3,19). This is designated as the crowding effect. Also, in the formation of an adhesive bud on spores of the nematophagous fungus Drechmeria coniospora, there is a clear crowding effect (35). These observations suggest that intercellular signaling prevents premature germination.Acervuli of Colletotrichum spp. form large numbers of conidia embedded in mucilage but not germinating there. From the mucilage that surrounds the conidia of this fungus, a self-inhibitor of germination named mycosporine-alanine has been identified and characterized (26). Germination is also retarded in pustules of rust fungi (Basidiomycetes) where cisferulic acid methyl ester and cis-3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid methyl ester have been identified (28, 36).Self-inhibitors have been characterized in Puccinia, Uromyces, Colletotrichum, Dictyostelium, Fusarium oxysporum, and Aspergillus and can be volatile or nonvolatile (2,3,16,24,28).They also can influence other fungal processes, for example, mycosporine-alanine produced by Colletotrichum graminic...

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Mycosporine-alanine: A self-inhibitor of germination from the conidial mucilage ofColletotrichum graminicola

Cited by 115 publications

References 27 publications

Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes

Multicomponent Analysis of the Differential Induction of Secondary Metabolite Profiles in Fungal Endophytes

Lipid Mobilization and Acid Phosphatase Activity in Lytic Compartments during Conidium Dormancy and Appressorium Formation of Colletotrichum graminicola.

Germination of Penicillium paneum Conidia Is Regulated by 1-Octen-3-ol, a Volatile Self-Inhibitor

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