Mycosporine-like amino acids protect the copepod Boeckella titicacae (Harding) against high levels of solar UVR

Helbling, E. Walter; Zaratti, Francesco; Sala, Livio O.; Palenque, Eduardo; Menchi, C. Fernando; Villafañe, Virginia E.

doi:10.1093/plankt/24.3.225

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Similarly, these descriptions are consistent with the results of comparative studies of the frontal knobs in males of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) exposed to extreme environments, primarily to variation in salinity and temperature (De Bayly & BoxShall, 2008). This species is exposed to high levels of ultraviolet radiation in tropical and subtropical latitudes (CaBrera et al, 1997;helBling et al, 2002;SCheihing et al, 2010) and in Patagonian inland waters (Marinone et al, 2006). Salinity variations and ultraviolet radiation exposure are accelerators of molecular changes in aquatic crustaceans (heBert et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Escalante

2012

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Calanoid copepods are abundant in South American inland waters and include widespread species, such as Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902), which occurs from the Ecuador to Tierra del Fuego Island. This species occurs under various environmental conditions, and is found in oligotrophic lakes in Patagonia (39-54°S) and in shallow mountain lakes north of 39°S. The aim of the present study is to conduct a morphometric comparison of male specimens of B. titicacae collected in Titicaca and B. gracilipes collected in Riñihue lakes, with a third population of B. gracilipes collected in shallow ponds in Salar de Surire. Titicaca and Riñihue lakes are stable environments, whereas Salar de Surire is an extreme environment. These ponds present an extreme environment due to high exposure to solar radiation and high salinity levels. The results of the study revealed differences among the three populations. These results agree well with systematic descriptions in the literature on differences between the populations of Titicaca and Riñihue lakes, and population of Salar de Surire differs slightly from the other two populations. It is probable that the differences between the population of Salar de Surire and the other two populations result from the extreme environment in Salar de Surire. High exposure to solar radiation, high salinity and extreme variations in temperature enhance genetic variations that are consequently expressed in morphology. KEYWORDS.Boeckella; fifth thoracopods; morphology; populations. RESUMEN. Diferencias morfométricas en dos especies hermanas Boeckella gracilipes y Boeckella titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda).Los copépodos calanoideos son abundantes en aguas continentales sudamericanas e incluyen especies de amplia distribución geográfica como Boeckella gracilipes (Daday, 1902) que se encuentra desde Ecuador hasta la isla de Tierra del Fuego. Esta especie vive bajo varias condiciones ambientales, y se encuentra en lagos oligotróficos en la Patagonia (39-54°S) y en lagunas superficiales de montaña al norte de los 39°S. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un estudio comparativo morfométrico de machos de B. titicacae colectado en el lago Titicaca y B. gracilipes colectado en el lago Riñihue, ambos son ambientes estables, con una tercera población colectada en lagunas superficiales en el Salar de Surire. Estas lagunas tienen condiciones ambientales extremas debido a alta exposición a la radiación solar y altos niveles de salinidad. Los resultados del presente estudio encontraron diferencias entre las tres poblaciones. Estos resultados concordarían con las descripciones sistemáticas en la literatura sobre las diferencias de las poblaciones de los lagos Titicaca y Riñihue, y la población del salar de Surire tuvo leves diferencias respecto a las dos poblaciones anteriores. Es probable que las diferencias entre la población del Salar de Surire y las otras dos se deban a alta exposición a la radiación solar, salinidad y condiciones extremas de temperatura que acelera las diferencias genéticas la...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Escalante

2012

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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“…For example, MAAs influence population dynamics by increasing the survivorship of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and echinoderm larvae that possess these compounds when exposed to UV radiation compared with individuals lacking MAAs (50)(51)(52). MAAs affect food web dynamics by facilitating primary productivity, protecting photosynthetic species from harmful UV radiation, allowing them to survive in shallow waters where light is abundant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycosporine-like amino acids are multifunctional molecules in sea hares and their marine community

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Kamio

Nguyen

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Molecules of keystone significance are relatively rare, yet mediate a variety of interactions between organisms. They influence the distribution and abundance of species, the transfer of energy across multiple trophic levels, and thus they play significant roles in structuring ecosystems. Despite their potential importance in facilitating our understanding of ecological systems, only three molecules thus far have been proposed as molecules of keystone significance: saxitoxin and dimethyl sulfide in marine communities and tetrodotoxin in riparian communities. In the course of studying the neuroecology of chemical defenses, we identified three mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)-N-ethanol palythine (= asterina-330), N-isopropanol palythine (= aplysiapalythine A), and N-ethyl palythine (= aplysiapalythine B)-as intraspecific alarm cues for sea hares (Aplysia californica). These alarm cues are released in the ink secretion of sea hares and cause avoidance behaviors in neighboring conspecifics. Further, we show that these three bioactive MAAs, two [aplysiapalythine A (APA) and -B (APB)] being previously unknown molecules, are present in the algal diet of sea hares and are concentrated in their defensive secretion as well as in their skin. MAAs are known to be produced by algae, fungi, and cyanobacteria and are acquired by many aquatic animals through trophic interactions. MAAs are widely used as sunscreens, among other uses, but sea hares modify their function to serve a previously undocumented role, as intraspecific chemical cues. Our findings highlight the multifunctionality of MAAs and their role in ecological connectivity, suggesting that they may function as molecules of keystone significance in marine ecosystems.

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“…These compounds absorb UVR at a wavelength range between 310 nm and 360 nm and can be synthesized by many organisms [17][18][19][20]. Also many studies [21] have shown that they can be bioaccumulated through the diet by organisms at higher trophic levels that do not have the capacity of synthesis of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of the marine red tide alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

Gao

Guan

Helbling

2007

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Mycosporine-like amino acids protect the copepod Boeckella titicacae (Harding) against high levels of solar UVR

Cited by 36 publications

References 48 publications

Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Morphometric differences in two calanoid sibling species, Boeckella gracilipes and B. titicacae (Crustacea, Copepoda)

Mycosporine-like amino acids are multifunctional molecules in sea hares and their marine community

Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on photosynthesis of the marine red tide alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae)

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