Mycotoxigenic Potentials of Fusarium Species in Various Culture Matrices Revealed by Mycotoxin Profiling

Abstract

In this study, twenty of the most common Fusarium species were molecularly characterized and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), rice and maize medium, where thirty three targeted mycotoxins, which might be the secondary metabolites of the identified fungal species, were detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Statistical analysis was performed with principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the mycotoxin profiles for the twenty fungi, suggesting that these fungi species could be discriminated and divided into three groups as follows. Group I, the fusaric acid producers, were defined into two subgroups, namely subgroup I as producers of fusaric acid and fumonisins, comprising of F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. fujikuroi and F. solani, and subgroup II considered to only produce fusaric acid, including F. temperatum, F. subglutinans, F. musae, F. tricinctum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sacchari, F. concentricum, F. andiyazi. Group II, as type A trichothecenes producers, included F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. polyphialidicum, while Group III were found to mainly produce type B trichothecenes, comprising of F. culmorum, F. poae, F. meridionale and F. graminearum. A comprehensive picture, which presents the mycotoxin-producing patterns by the selected fungal species in various matrices, is obtained for the first time, and thus from an application point of view, provides key information to explore mycotoxigenic potentials of Fusarium species and forecast the Fusarium infestation/mycotoxins contamination.

Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Co‐Occurring Deoxynivalenol Family Mycotoxins on Human Gastric Epithelial Cells

“…The appearances of masked mycotoxins bring some changes, including chromatographic patterns, epitope conformation, or molecular polarity, however, our confirmed conventional analytical methods cannot detect these masked mycotoxins, which still have no safety limit standards [6,9,10,11]. The acetylated and glycosylated derivatives of parent DON, including 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), could also be detected in wheat and corn [6,9,12]. It is worth mentioning that the currently established safety limit regulations were mainly derived from toxicological data, which only take into account single-mycotoxin exposure without considering the combined mycotoxins effects [13].…”

Studying the contamination of tea and herbal infu-sions with myсotoxins (Message 2)

“…Исследования в Швейцарии показали, что черные аспергиллы были одной из наиболее распространенной групп плесеней в 22 образцах травяных чаев, а выделенные штаммы A. niger и A. awamori в условиях in vitro продуцировали фумонизины [34]. В ряде научных публикаций показано токсинообразование в условиях in vitro отдельными штаммами Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., изолированными из образцов растительного сырья, в том числе чая из лекарственных трав [34][35][36]. Результаты этих исследований, полученные на нескольких видах модельных сред, показывают, что виды и уровни накопления МТ грибами-продуцентами на модельных средах имеют субстратную специфичность и не всегда адекватно отражают токсинообразование в природных ареалах.…”

Fusarium oxysporum infection activates the plastidial branch of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway in flax, leading to increased ABA synthesis

“…Mycotoxins can inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis and facilitate the spread of the fungus because they inhibit plant defense mechanisms (Wagacha and Muthomi 2007). However, plants can produce compounds capable of interfering with mycotoxin production and they can degrade or detoxify trichothecenes by glycosylation (Karlovsky 2011;Shi et al 2017).…”