Mycotoxin Alpha-Zearalenol Impairs the Quality of Preimplantation Porcine Embryos

Wang, Hongfeng; Camargo, Omar; Memili, Erdoğan

doi:10.1262/jrd.11-113h

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…ZEN exposure in porcine blastocysts lead to apoptosis, DNA damage, and autophagy [ 138 , 139 ]. Similarly, in porcine embryos, a dose–response relationship was observed between α-ZOL administration and cleavage rates starting at 10 µM, with decreased blastocyst development noted at 30 µM [ 136 ]. Other studies in gilt zygotes have noted similar effects at slightly lower α-ZOL concentrations (15 µM) [ 81 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review

Kinkade

Rivera‐Núñez

Gorcyzca

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Contamination of the world’s food supply and animal feed with mycotoxins is a growing concern as global temperatures rise and promote the growth of fungus. Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi, is a common contaminant of cereal grains and has also been detected at lower levels in meat, milk, and spices. ZEN’s synthetic derivative, zeranol, is used as a growth promoter in United States (US) and Canadian beef production. Experimental research suggests that ZEN and zeranol disrupt the endocrine and reproductive systems, leading to infertility, polycystic ovarian syndrome-like phenotypes, pregnancy loss, and low birth weight. With widespread human dietary exposure and growing experimental evidence of endocrine-disrupting properties, a comprehensive review of the impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites on the female reproductive system is warranted. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological literature and evaluate the potential impact of ZEN, zeranol, and their metabolites (commonly referred to as mycoestrogens) on female reproductive outcomes. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42020166469) of the literature (2000–2020) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The data sources were primary literature published in English obtained from searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The ToxR tool was applied to assess risk of bias. In vitro and in vivo studies (n = 104) were identified and, overall, evidence consistently supported adverse effects of mycoestrogens on physiological processes, organs, and tissues associated with female reproduction. In non-pregnant animals, mycoestrogens alter follicular profiles in the ovary, disrupt estrus cycling, and increase myometrium thickness. Furthermore, during pregnancy, mycoestrogen exposure contributes to placental hemorrhage, stillbirth, and impaired fetal growth. No epidemiological studies fitting the inclusion criteria were identified.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review

Kinkade

Rivera‐Núñez

Gorcyzca

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…It is generally accepted that pigs are a very sensitive species to ZEA, with prepubertal gilts being the most sensitive stage. Recently, it is well documented that diets with ZEA [ 7 , 23 ] alone or ZEA with DON together [ 8 , 24 – 26 ] might cause detrimental effects on growth performance, cells, tissues and organs, oocyte maturation, antioxidant activities, metabolic process, digestive enzymes, microRNAs, and digestive system in weanling, immature or pre-pubertal gilts. However, fewer studies were conducted to determine the impact of ZEA on the gestation period in first-parity gilts [ 20 , 27 – 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows

Zhou

Zhao

Huang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Zearalenone (ZEA) is a resorcylic acid lactone derivative derived from various Fusarium species that are widely found in food and feeds. The molecular structure of ZEA resembles that of the mammalian hormone 17β-oestradiol, thus zearalenone and its metabolites are known to compete with endogenous hormones for estrogen receptors binding sites and to activate transcription of oestrogen-responsive genes. However, the effect of long-term low-dose ZEA exposure on the reproductive response to Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture for first-parity gilts has not yet been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of ZEA as an estrogen receptor selective modulator and the alleviating effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G cultures as ZEA biodegraders in pregnant sows during their first parity. Results A total of 80 first-parity gilts (Yorkshire × Landrace) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments during gestation: CO (positive control); MO (negative control, 246 μg ZEA/kg diet); COA (CO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet); MOA (MO + B. subtilis ANSB01G culture with 2 × 109 CFU/kg diet). There were 20 replications per treatment with one gilt per replicate. Feeding low-dose ZEA naturally contaminated diets disordered most of reproductive hormones secretion and affected estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β concentrations in serum and specific organs and led to moderate histopathological changes of gilts, but did not cause significant detrimental effects on reproductive performance. The addition of Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture to the diet can effectively relieve the competence of ZEA to estrogen receptor and the disturbance of reproductive hormones secretion, and then ameliorate toxicosis of ZEA in gilts. Conclusions Collectively, our study investigated the effects of feeding low-dose ZEA on reproduction in pregnant sows during their first parity. Feeding low-dose ZEA could modulate estrogen receptor-α and -β concentrations in specific organs, cause disturbance of reproductive hormones and vulva swelling, and damage organ histopathology and up-regulate apoptosis in sow models. Diet with Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G alleviated negative effects of the ZEA on gilts to some extent.

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“…α‐ZEL (10–60 μM) and α‐ZEN (30–60 μM) altered cleavage rates and blastocyte rates and decreased cell numbers in porcine blastocytes, while E2 12.5–100 μM did not induce such effects indicating different modes of action (Wang et al., ).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriateness to set a group health‐based guidance value for zearalenone and its modified forms

Hoogenboom¹

2016

EFS2

101

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The current tolerable daily intake (TDI) for zearalenone (ZEN) of 0.25 lg/kg body weight (bw) per day established by the EFSA Panel for Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) in 2011 is based on oestrogenicity in pigs. No new studies were identified to change this TDI. The modified forms of ZEN identified are phase I and phase II metabolites. Phase I metabolites are mainly formed through reduction. Phase II metabolites are formed by conjugation of ZEN and its phase I metabolites with glucose or sulfate, and in animals glucuronic acid. The few data on the occurrence of modified forms of ZEN indicated that cereal-based foods are the main source, containing amounts varying from a few up to 100% of ZEN. Most of the phase I metabolites have oestrogenic activity and it is assumed that their combined action will be additive. The CONTAM Panel found it appropriate to set a group TDI of 0.25 lg/kg bw per day expressed as ZEN equivalents for ZEN and its modified forms (phase I and phase II metabolites). To account for differences in in vivo oestrogenic potency, each phase I metabolite was assigned a potency factor relative to ZEN to be applied to exposure estimates of the respective ZEN metabolites. It was assumed that conjugates (phase II metabolites) of ZEN and its phase I metabolites, which per se have no oestrogenic activity, will be cleaved releasing ZEN and its phase I metabolites. These conjugates were assigned the same relative potency factors as their aglycones. The overall uncertainty associated with the present assessment is considered as high. It would rather overestimate than underestimate any risk of modified ZEN. Several aspects of the uncertainty could be reduced provided more data are made available on oestrogenicity of modified ZEN, in particular a-zearalenol, in pigs.

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Mycotoxin Alpha-Zearalenol Impairs the Quality of Preimplantation Porcine Embryos

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review

Impact of Fusarium-Derived Mycoestrogens on Female Reproduction: A Systematic Review

Zearalenone toxicosis on reproduction as estrogen receptor selective modulator and alleviation of zearalenone biodegradative agent in pregnant sows

Appropriateness to set a group health‐based guidance value for zearalenone and its modified forms

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