Mycotoxin Cocktail in the Samples of Oilseed Cake from  Early Maturing Cotton Varieties Associated with  Cattle Feeding Problems

Yunus, Agha Waqar; Sulyok, Michael; Böhm, Josef

doi:10.3390/toxins7062188

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The other ingredients collected from Lahore such as wheat bran, wheat straw, and waste bread were found to have aflatoxin levels comparable to other cities. Presently reported results regarding aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed cake are in line with our previous report (Yunus et al, 2015). In that study, 556-5,574 μg of total aflatoxins/kg was reported using LC-MS/ MS methods.…”

Section: Aflatoxin Contamination Of Dairy Feedstuffssupporting

confidence: 91%

Aflatoxin Contamination of Milk Produced in Peri-urban Farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and Contributory Factors

et al. 2020

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Aflatoxin M 1 contamination of milk in Pakistan, like many developing countries, is poorly understood. The present study was therefore conducted to determine AFM 1 contamination of milk and its contributory factors in Pakistan. We sampled milk and feedstuffs from 450 peri-urban dairy farms in seven major cities following a cross-sectional study design. Analysis of milk using ELISA revealed high contamination with an overall average of 3164.5 ng of AFM 1 /L, and significant differences (p < 0.001) between cities. The milk sampled from Gilgit, in northern hilly areas, had an average AFM 1 level of 92.5 ng/L. Milk from other cities had 3529.7 ng/L average contamination, with only 5.7% samples qualifying the maximum tolerable limit of 500 ng of AFM 1 /L. Heavy mean aflatoxin contamination was found in bakery waste (724.6 μg/kg), and cottonseed cake (600.8 μg/kg). Rest of the other feedstuffs had moderate to low mean aflatoxin contamination, ranging from 66.0 μg/kg in maize stover to 3.4 μg/kg in wheat bran. The mean aflatoxin level in commercial dairy concentrates was 32.7 µg/kg. About 80% of the total aflatoxin intake of dairy animals was contributed by cottonseed cake alone due to its high aflatoxin contamination and proportion in dairy rations. On-farm storage time of oilseed cakes varied (p < 0.01) in different cities but was not associated with aflatoxin contamination. The exceptionally high AFM 1 contamination suggests that milk from peri-urban dairy farms is a serious public health threat in Pakistan. This situation can be mitigated by reducing aflatoxin contamination in cottonseed cake and promoting the use of commercial concentrates and other feedstuffs with low contamination.

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Section: Aflatoxin Contamination Of Dairy Feedstuffssupporting

confidence: 91%

Aflatoxin Contamination of Milk Produced in Peri-urban Farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and Contributory Factors

et al. 2020

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“…EMO was detected in several samples above LOD, most notably in the control white fig variety and in the dark variety pretreated with ascorbic acid. EMO was first confirmed in chestnuts (28,29) and afterwards in many other matrices (30,31) but never in dried figs. This anthraquinone polyphenol can be produced by various species (plant and fungal), but in most food it occurs as the Aspergillus metabolite (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report TryOH in dried figs, but concerning the producing microbiota, this finding is not a surprise. TryOH is not strictly classified as a mycotoxin, as it has important functions in filamentous fungi and is one of the most prevalent fungal metabolites (30,31,33). In one study (34) it was also determined as one of the fermentation products in bread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pretreatments on mycotoxin profiles and levels in dried figs

Petrić

Šarkanj

Mujić

et al. 2018

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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The aim of this explorative study was to investigate how effective drying preservation methods are in reducing mycotoxin content in figs. Dried autochthonous varieties of white and dark figs (Petrovača Bijela and Šaraguja, respectively) were analysed for mycotoxins using an LC-MS/MS “dilute and shoot” method capable of determining 295 fungal and bacterial secondary metabolites. Before drying in a cabinet dryer the figs were preserved with 0.5 % citric acid solution or 0.5 % ascorbic acid solution or 0.3 % L-cysteine solution or 0.2 % chestnut extract solution or 0.15 % Echinacea extract solution by immersion. We found nine metabolites: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A, ochratoxin alpha, kojic acid, emodin, altenuene, alternariol methyl ether, brevianamide F, and tryptophol. The most efficient preserver was L-cysteine (15 % reduction), while ascorbic acid favoured mycotoxin production (158 % increase). However, all pretreatment solutions reduced AFB1, which is a major fig contaminant.

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“…Equisetin was isolated from Fusarium equiseti and was described as one of the most potent Fusarium metabolites exerting antibiotic properties, particularly against some Gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria and some Staphylococcus aureus strains [59]. The relevance for the ruminant is unclear so far, although equisetin has been isolated in large amounts from cottonseed cake contaminated by multiple mycotoxins and associated with cattle mortality and feed refusal [60].…”

Section: Microbiological Evaluation Of Silages and Contamination By Fungal And Other Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety

Dänicke

Krenz

Seyboldt

et al. 2020

Dairy

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A feeding experiment was carried out with late-lactating cows over 12 weeks to evaluate the feeding value of a basic diet with maize and grass silage (MS, GS) when combined with varying portions of concentrate in the ration (20% and 60% on a dry matter basis) and to test the effects on health and performance, the transfer of important Fusarium toxins to blood and milk, the total and Shiga toxin (stx)-forming E. coli counts, and the presence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) genes in rectal fecal samples. MS was contaminated by a broader spectrum of fungal and other metabolites compared to GS. MS contained higher concentrations of the important Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Blood and milk levels of DON and ZEN residues generally reflected the differences in exposure at a low level. Feeding of MS with 60% concentrate feed induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) associated with a marked drop in dry matter intake, fat corrected milk yield and a fat to protein ratio in milk of lower than 1.The SARA-associated higher ruminal LPS concentration did not affect the circulating concentrations of haptoglobin as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Lower rumen pH values in both MS-fed groups were associated with lower pH values, higher absolute E. coli counts and increased proportions of stx-positive E. coli in rectal feces. BoNT genes A, B, C, D, E and F remained undetectable in any of the fecal samples suggesting that feedstuffs were virtually free of the corresponding C. botulinum strains. In conclusion, maize feedstuff (silage, grains, starch-containing byproducts)-dominated rations for dairy cows should be avoided to reduce adverse effects on health and food safety.

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Mycotoxin Cocktail in the Samples of Oilseed Cake from Early Maturing Cotton Varieties Associated with Cattle Feeding Problems

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Aflatoxin Contamination of Milk Produced in Peri-urban Farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and Contributory Factors

Aflatoxin Contamination of Milk Produced in Peri-urban Farms of Pakistan: Prevalence and Contributory Factors

Effect of pretreatments on mycotoxin profiles and levels in dried figs

Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety

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