Mycotoxin-contaminated diets and deactivating compound in laying hens: 1. Effects on performance characteristics and relative organ weight

Lee, J. T.; Jessen, Kasper; Beltran, R.; Starkl, V.; Schatzmayr, Gerd; Bořutová, R.; Caldwell, David J.

doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02136

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Mechanistic studies suggest that maternal exposure to aflatoxin might cause adverse pregnancy outcomes through four primary pathways: 1) upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or downregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines23,24,73–76; 2) induction of enteropathy characterized by intestinal inflammation and impaired barrier function, leading to systemic immune activation24,76–78; 3) potential toxic effects on maternal organs causing systemic immune activation and impaired placental and fetal development24,70,79,80; and 4) toxic effects on fetal organs causing fetal inflammation and impaired fetal development56,81–83 (Figure 1). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Smith

Prendergast

Turner

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are vulnerable to multiple environmental insults, including exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin that may contaminate as much as 25% of the world food supply. We reviewed and integrated findings from studies of aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy and evaluated potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We identified 27 studies (10 human cross-sectional studies and 17 animal studies) assessing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and adverse birth outcomes or anemia. Findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. Only one human study investigated aflatoxin exposure and prematurity, and no studies investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss, but animal studies suggest aflatoxin exposure may increase risk for prematurity and pregnancy loss. The fetus could be affected by maternal aflatoxin exposure through direct toxicity as well as indirect toxicity, via maternal systemic inflammation, impaired placental growth, or elevation of placental cytokines. The cytotoxic and systemic effects of aflatoxin could plausibly mediate maternal anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal loss, and preterm birth. Given the widespread exposure to this toxin in developing countries, longitudinal studies in pregnant women are needed to provide stronger evidence for the role of aflatoxin in adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to explore biological mechanisms. Potential pathways for intervention to reduce aflatoxin exposure are urgently needed, and this might reduce the global burden of stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birthweight.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Smith

Prendergast

Turner

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Dietary exposure to AFB1 and other aflatoxins leads to lower weight gain and absolute body weights in both chickens and turkeys [34,39,84,88,[115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. Reduced feed intake [34,115,118,[122][123][124][125] and decreased efficiency of nutrient usage [34,39,84,88,115,122,125] both contribute to this impaired growth during aflatoxicosis. AFB1 lowers feed conversion causing poultry to require more feed to produce muscle (broilers and turkeys) [39,84,88,115,122] and eggs (layers) [125].…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced feed intake [34,115,118,[122][123][124][125] and decreased efficiency of nutrient usage [34,39,84,88,115,122,125] both contribute to this impaired growth during aflatoxicosis. AFB1 lowers feed conversion causing poultry to require more feed to produce muscle (broilers and turkeys) [39,84,88,115,122] and eggs (layers) [125]. Although less severe, AFB1 also reduces feed intake and weight gain in wild turkeys [92].…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In layers fed AFB1, age to maturity is increased [34] and egg production is reduced [34,121,125,[128][129][130][131]. Egg quality parameters such as total weight, shape, albumin or yolk percentage, and shell thickness in chickens and quail can be adversely affected by AFB1, although the effects were variable among studies [34,125,126,128,[131][132][133].…”

Section: Production Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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“…strain BBSH 797 has been developed to be a commercial antidote (Mycofix®) for DON in animal feeds (Schatzmayr et al ., ). This microbial feed additive was capable of counteracting the toxic effects induced by DON in various poultry trials conducted by our team (Awad et al ., , , ; Ghareeb et al ., , , ) and others (EFSA, ; Lee et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: poultry and swine

Ghareeb

Awad

Böhm

et al. 2014

J of Applied Toxicology

142

111

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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent cereal contaminants with major public health concerns owing to its high toxigenic potentials. Once ingested, DON first and foremost targets epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, whose proper functioning, as the first line of defence, is of paramount importance for the host's health. Emerging evidences, summarized in this article, suggest that DON produces its toxicity primarily via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway and alteration in the expression of genes responsible for key physiological and immunological functions of the intestinal tissue of chickens and pigs. The activation of MAPKs signalling cascade results in disruption of the gut barrier function and an increase in the permeability by reducing expression of the tight junction proteins. Exposure to DON also down-regulates the expression of multiple transporter systems in the enterocytes with subsequent impairment of the absorption of key nutrients. Other major intestinal cytotoxic effects of DON described herein are modulation of mucosal immune responses, leading to immunosupression or stimulation of local immune cells and cytokine release, and also facilitation of the persistence of intestinal pathogens in the gut. Both of the last events potentiate enteric infections and local inflammation in pigs and poultry, rendering enterocytes and the host more vulnerable to luminal toxic compounds. This review highlights the cytotoxic risks associated with the intake of even low levels of DON and also identifies gaps of knowledge that need to be addressed by future research.

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Mycotoxin-contaminated diets and deactivating compound in laying hens: 1. Effects on performance characteristics and relative organ weight

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth Outcomes

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Impacts of the feed contaminant deoxynivalenol on the intestine of monogastric animals: poultry and swine

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