Mycotoxin mixtures in food and feed: holistic, innovative, flexible risk assessment modelling approach:

Battilani, Paola; Palumbo, Roberta; Giorni, Paola; Dall’Asta, Chiara; Dellafiora, Luca; Gkrillas, Athanasios; Toscano, Piero; Crisci, Alfonso; Brera, Carlo; Santis, Barbara De; Cammarano, Rosaria Rosanna; Seta, Maurella Della; Campbell, Katrina; Elliot, Christopher; Venâncio, Armando; Lima, Nelson; Gonçalves, Ana; Terciolo, Chloé; Oswald, Isabelle P.

doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2020.en-1757

Cited by 53 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…In addition, modified mycotoxins are commonly found in cereals and in processed foods, co-occurring with the native mycotoxins, as a result of fungal metabolism or the defense mechanism of the infected plant. This issue is of great interest due to the associated risks for human and animal health [ 91 ]. The effect of CC on the occurrence of modified mycotoxins is a neglected area and needs to be evaluated and included in future risk maps on a regional basis.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in a Climate Change Scenario: Ecology, Genomics, Distribution, Prediction and Prevention of the Risk

et al. 2020

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Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins are very common in food crops, with noticeable differences in their host specificity in terms of pathogenicity and toxin contamination. In addition, such crops may be infected with mixtures of mycotoxigenic fungi, resulting in multi-mycotoxin contamination. Climate represents the key factor in driving the fungal community structure and mycotoxin contamination levels pre- and post-harvest. Thus, there is significant interest in understanding the impact of interacting climate change-related abiotic factors (especially increased temperature, elevated CO2 and extremes in water availability) on the relative risks of mycotoxin contamination and impacts on food safety and security. We have thus examined the available information from the last decade on relative risks of mycotoxin contamination under future climate change scenarios and identified the gaps in knowledge. This has included the available scientific information on the ecology, genomics, distribution of toxigenic fungi and intervention strategies for mycotoxin control worldwide. In addition, some suggestions for prediction and prevention of mycotoxin risks are summarized together with future perspectives and research needs for a better understanding of the impacts of climate change scenarios.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in a Climate Change Scenario: Ecology, Genomics, Distribution, Prediction and Prevention of the Risk

et al. 2020

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“…OTA can also be detected in dried blood spots and quantified using HPLC-MS/MS technique [167,168]. ELISA can also be applied for the analysis of ochratoxin A in plasma and has been widely used for the screening of samples [169][170][171]. Orti et al [172] reported the first method for the analysis of OTA in human urine, but with simultaneous detection of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical methods for the detection of FB1 are usually based on urine and are done via the HPLC-MS system. The oral bioavailability is generally below 5% for FB1 [171].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Habschied

Šarić

Krstanović

2021

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantly contribute to this problem. This review aims to provide a short overview of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and regulated mycotoxins in foods and workplaces, following the current literature and data presented in scientific papers. Biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma, serum, urine, and blood samples has become a common method for determining the exposure to different mycotoxins. Novel techniques are more and more precise and accurate and are aiming toward the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in one analysis. Application of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a common and most reliable method for determining the exposure to mycotoxins. Numerous references confirm the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring to assess the exposure for humans and animals. The objectives of this paper were to review the general approaches to biomonitoring of different mycotoxins and the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, using recent literature sources.

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“…The topic of the scientific report drafted was ‘Potential risks from aggregated dietary exposure to mycotoxins’ and focused on the UK population. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and can cause adverse health effects in both humans and animals (Lee and Ryu, 2017, Palumbo et al., 2020, Smith et al., 2016, Shi et al., 2019, Battilani et al., 2020). Cereals are often the most severely affected crops.…”

Section: Description Of the Work Programmementioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of computational tools, data analysis and social science into food safety risk assessment

Lorenzoni¹,

Tsoulli²,

McCarthy³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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The EU-FORA Fellowship Programme 'Integration of tools and social science into food safety risk assessments' was proposed by the Food Standards Agency (FSA), the government department responsible for food safety in the UK. The working programme was organised into four modules, covering different areas of risk assessment, including microbiological risk assessment, chemical risk assessment, exposure assessment, risk prioritisation and the integration of risk assessment with social science. During this period, the fellow had the unique opportunity to gain experience in different fields of risk assessment, namely how to conduct a systematic review, to assess the risk of microbiological and chemical hazards, to make use of modelling tools for exposure assessment and risk prioritisation, to write scientific reports for committees and networks at the national level and to understand the role of social science in risk assessment. In addition, the fellow was able to attend several meetings, seminars, courses and workshops that helped him to gain further insight in the field of food science. The complete programme enabled a fast learning curve that allowed the fellow to have an overview of the different tools that can be employed in the wide field of food safety risk assessment, in order to acquire skills and competences that can be used in his future career.

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Mycotoxin mixtures in food and feed: holistic, innovative, flexible risk assessment modelling approach:

Cited by 53 publications

References 208 publications

Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in a Climate Change Scenario: Ecology, Genomics, Distribution, Prediction and Prevention of the Risk

Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in a Climate Change Scenario: Ecology, Genomics, Distribution, Prediction and Prevention of the Risk

Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure

Integration of computational tools, data analysis and social science into food safety risk assessment

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