Mycotoxins contamination of maize in Anambra State, Nigeria

Oyeka, C. A.; Amasiani, Rose; Ekwealor, C. C.

doi:10.1080/19393210.2019.1661528

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similarly, the mean concentration in the present study was higher than the mean concentration reported for maize from the 2009 season in Cameroon (1329 µg/kg [ 23 ]) and for maize from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria (1552 µg/kg [ 8 ]), but was similar to the mean level in maize from the 2010–2011 season in Cameroon (2072 µg/kg [ 23 ]). However, the findings presented here contradict the reports of a recent study from a south-eastern state (Anambra) in Nigeria, where fumonisins were not detected in 36 maize samples [ 15 ]. Obvious reasons for this disparity could be geographical location and sampling techniques.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The mycotoxins included AF, FUM, CIT, NIV, OTA, STER, ZEN and the emerging Fusarium mycotoxins BEAU and MON. A similar diversity of mycotoxins and other metabolites was previously reported in cowpea [ 19 ], maize [ 8 , 13 , 15 ], peanut [ 14 ] and rice [ 20 ] in Nigeria and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], emphasizing that mycotoxin contamination of foods is an important food safety challenge that is yet to be solved in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, however, only few mycotoxins including AFs, FUM, OTA and ZEN determined by ELISA or thin-layer chromatography were reported in sorghum and millet in Nigeria [ 17 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Similar to other regions in SSA, mycotoxin contamination of foods at unsafe levels is commonplace in Nigeria [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], with most reports covering foods consumed in the north-central region [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 16 , 17 ]. In one of the recent studies, more than 45% of grain-based uncooked flour (mostly from maize, rice and sorghum) contained at least two mycotoxins, including the carcinogenic AFB 1 and FB 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Ezekiel

Ayeni

Akinyemi

et al. 2021

Toxins

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This study characterized the health risks due to the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and assessed the consumer awareness level of mycotoxins in households in two north-central Nigerian states during the harvest and storage seasons of 2018. Twenty-six mycotoxins and 121 other microbial and plant metabolites were quantified by LC-MS/MS in 250 samples of cereals, nuts and legumes. Aflatoxins were detected in all food types (cowpea, maize, peanut and sorghum) except in millet. Aflatoxin B1 was the most prevalent mycotoxin in peanut (64%) and rice (57%), while fumonisin B1 occurred most in maize (93%) and beauvericin in sorghum (71%). The total aflatoxin concentration was highest in peanut (max: 8422 µg/kg; mean: 1281 µg/kg) and rice (max: 955 µg/kg; mean: 94 µg/kg), whereas the totals of the B-type fumonisins and citrinin were highest in maize (max: 68,204 µg/kg; mean: 2988 µg/kg) and sorghum (max: 1335 µg/kg; mean: 186 µg/kg), respectively. Citrinin levels also reached 51,195 µg/kg (mean: 2343 µg/kg) in maize. Aflatoxin and citrinin concentrations in maize were significantly (p < 0.05) higher during storage than at harvest. The estimated chronic exposures to aflatoxins, citrinin and fumonisins were high, resulting in as much as 247 new liver cancer cases/year/100,000 population and risks of nephrotoxicity and esophageal cancer, respectively. Children who consumed the foods were the most vulnerable. Mycotoxin co-occurrence was evident, which could increase the health risk of the outcomes. Awareness of mycotoxin issues was generally low among the households.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Ezekiel

Ayeni

Akinyemi

et al. 2021

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chilaka et al ( 2018a ) confirmed the present of ZEN in garri, lafun and yam flour at an incidence rate of 17% (17 µg/kg), 6% (16 µg/kg), and 9% (19 µg/kg), respectively. In a study by Oyeka et al ( 2019 ), the ZEN contamination of maize in Anambra State was higher than the tolerable limit set by the EC 2006. Cashew nuts purchase from different location in Nigeria by Adetunji et al ( 2019 ) was ascertain to have ZEN concentration of 788 µg/kg higher than the maximum limit of 75 µg/kg proposed by the EC no 1126/2007.…”

Section: Mycotoxins Contamination Of Food and Feeds In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 88%

Updates on food and feed mycotoxin contamination and safety in Africa with special reference to Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a major concern in sub-Sahara African countries, particularly Nigeria. It represents a significant limit to health of human, livestock as well as the international trade. Aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and beauvericin are the major mycotoxins recognised in the aetiology of food safety challenges that precipitated countless number of diseases. In Nigeria, aflatoxins and fumonisin found in nearly all crops are the most common mycotoxins of economic and health importance such as sorghum, maize and groundnuts. Thus, consumption of food contaminated with mycotoxins are inevitable, hence the need for adequate regulation is necessary in these frontier economies as done in many developed economies to ensure food safety for human and animals. In low and middle-income countries, especially Nigeria, there is lack of awareness and sufficient information on the risk associated with consequent of mycotoxin contamination on wellbeing of human, animals health and the economy. It is based on the foregoing that this paper summarized the status of mycotoxin present in Nigerian food and feeds relative to the global regulatory standards. This aimed at preventing consuming mycotoxin contaminated food stuff while confronting its associated challenges. Suggestions on some possible control strategies to mitigate vending mycotoxin food and feeds were made.

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“…Rabie et al (1985) noted that R. oryzae isolates were highly toxic when grown on maize. R. oryzae was also isolated in a percent of 3.42% from 36 maize samples in Nigeria, while no aflatoxins were detected (Oyeka et al, 2019).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Fungal Populationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

Smeu¹,

Cucu²,

Dobre³

et al. 2020

UASVMCN-AGR

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Cereals are very susceptible to fungal attacks. Fungi have a unique biochemical pathway to assimilate a vast array of available substrates and produce toxic secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which represent a clear public health concern. In this context, a maize survey was conducted in order to assess the diversity of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Low levels of total aflatoxins, acceptable by the European Union, were detected in maize samples. A semi-automated Biolog® Microbial Identification System was used for the identification of the fungal strains. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantification of total aflatoxins. The results indicated that Fusarium udum and Rhizopus oryzae were the prevalent fungi for the assessed maize samples, while both control and treated samples showed low levels of total aflatoxins, which did not exceed 1.5 μg kg-1. The registered total aflatoxin concentrations were consistent with the European regulations.

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Mycotoxins contamination of maize in Anambra State, Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Dietary Risk Assessment and Consumer Awareness of Mycotoxins among Household Consumers of Cereals, Nuts and Legumes in North-Central Nigeria

Updates on food and feed mycotoxin contamination and safety in Africa with special reference to Nigeria

Application of the Biolog® Identification System for Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi Associated with Maize (Zea mays L.) Contamination in Romania

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