Mycotoxins: food contamination, mechanism, carcinogenic potential and preventive measures

Chu, Fun Sun

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(91)90124-5

Cited by 141 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…T-2 ( fig. 7) are mycotoxins that belong to Trichothecene mycotoxin and is considered as immunosuppressive, cytotoxic and lymphocytic and carcinogenic mycotoxin in mammalian cells (17) although the work of ueno et al (200) on Salmonella typhimurium suggested that trichothecenes have failed to demonstrate mutagenicity. T-2 is capable of inducing breaks in the DNA of lymphocytes when administrated in vivo and in vitro and once fibroblast cells are treated with this mycotoxin incorporation with 3 h thymidine, unscheduled DNA synthesis will take place (201).…”

Section: Mycotoxins and Their Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these toxins, it was found the B1 and G1 are the most toxic with the highest carcinogenic effect on animal cells (9). Food products that can be contaminated with aflatoxins include cereal (maize, sorghum, pearl millet, rice, and wheat), oil seeds (groundnut, soybean, sunflower, and cotton), spices (chilies, black pepper, coriander, turmeric, and ginger), tree nuts (almonds, pistachio, walnuts, and coconut) and milk (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Moreover, aflatoxins are found in the contaminated tobacco leaves (23).…”

Section: Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Natural Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While several are considered to be mutagenic; it was proven that Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and Sterigmatocystin are strong carcinogens (17). In a study made to identify the DNA-attacking ability of carcinogenic mycotoxins, six Penicillium toxins that include patulin, Citrinin, penicillic acid negativeluteoskyrin, positive-rugulosin, and PR-toxin, 5 aspergillus toxins including O-acetylsterigmatocystin, sterigmatocystin, O-acetyldihydrosterigmatocystin aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G1, and two fusarium toxins that include zearalenol-b and zearalenone, all these mycotoxins were found to have destructive ability towards genomic DNA (141).…”

Section: Mycotoxins and Their Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The chemical nature of most of the mycotoxins makes them highly liposoluble compounds that can be absorbed from the site of exposure such as from the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract to the blood stream where it can be dissimilated throughout the body and reach different organs such as the liver and kidneys. Mycotoxins have a strong tendency and ability to penetrate the human and animal cells and reach the cellular genome where it causes a major mutagenic change in the nucleotide sequence which leads to strong and permanent defects in the genome. This defect will eventually be transcribed, translated and lead to the development of cancer. In this review, the chemical and physical nature of mycotoxins, the action of mycotoxins on the cellular genome and its effect on humans, mycotoxins and their carcinogenicity and mycotoxins research gaps are discussed, and new research areas are suggested. The research review posed various questions. What are the different mycotoxins that can cause cancer, what is the role of mycotoxins in causing cancer and what types of cancers can be caused by mycotoxins? These questions have been selected due to the significant increase in the mycotoxin contamination and the cancer incidence rate in the contemporary world. By revealing and understanding the role of mycotoxins in developing cancer, measures to reduce the risks and incidents of cancer could be taken.

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Section: Mycotoxins and Their Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Natural Commoditiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mycotoxins and Their Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

et al. 2017

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“…Specifically, the mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST), a substance produced by A. versicolor, the chemical structure of which has been elucidated, is a precursor of aflatoxin B1. It is also widely distributed in soil, agricultural crops, and grain crops [9]. Xie et al [10] have shown that Aspergillusinoculated corn flour causes typical hyperplasia of the glandular stomach in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term administration of the fungus toxin, sterigmatocystin, induces intestinal metaplasia and increases the proliferative activity of PCNA, p53, and MDM2 in the gastric mucosa of aged Mongolian gerbils

Kusunoki

Misumi

Shimada

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objective The causal agents of gastric cancer could include fungus toxins. Sterigmatocystin (ST), a fungus toxin, is a risk factor of gastric cancer. We investigated the effects of ST on the stomach tissues of Mongolian gerbils. Methods Seventy-five-week-old male Mongolian gerbils received ST ad libitum at a concentration of 0 ppb (nontreated, n = 11), 100 ppb (n = 7), or 1,000 ppb (n = 13) dissolved in drinking water for a period of 24 weeks. After administration, we tested the histopathological changes and immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, and MDM2 expression. Results We investigated the histopathological changes and determined the incidence of histopathological changes in animals with various gastric diseases after ST administration at a dose of 0 ppb (non-treated control), 100, or 1,000 ppb as follows: firstly, indices for gastritis were 18.2, 100, and 100%, those for erosion events were 9.1, 100, and 92.3%, and those for polyps were 0, 71.4, and 61.5%, respectively. These incidences in the ST-administered groups (100 or 1,000 ppb) showed significant increases compared with those in the non-treated control group. And, lastly, indices for intestinal metaplasia were 0, 100, and 15.4%, respectively. Furthermore, immunostaining for PCNA, p53, and MDM2 expression showed significantly greater rates in the ST-administered groups (100 or 1,000 ppb) than in the non-treated control group. Conclusion The histopathological and immunohistopathological findings of this study indicate that ST exerts a marked influence on gastric mucus and gland cells, showing dominant gastritis, erosion events, polyps, and intestinal metaplasia in these animals.

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“…Among the detrimental effects of Aflatoxins, we can mention weakening and destroying the immune system, genetic mutations and cancer (Chu, 1991;Richard et al, 2003). There are four main types of Aflatoxins including: AFB1, AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2 (J.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of PCR in the Detection of Aflatoxinogenic and Non-aflatoxinogenic Strains of Aspergillus Flavus Group of Cattle Feed Isolated in Iran

Rahimi¹,

Sohrabi²,

Ebrahimi³

et al. 2016

JMBR

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Aflatoxins are among the most important Mycotoxins that are mainly produced by various Aspergillus species, specially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins are carcinogenetic and immunosuppressive, so that can lead to acute liver damage, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocarcinoma induction. Consuming the feed contaminated by Aspergillus puts humans and animals under the danger of Aflatoxins that are considered as an important threats for human and animal health. The purpose of the present study was to make distinction between Aflatoxinogenetic and non-Aflatoxinogenetic strains and Aspergillus Flavus using PCR and TLC and the expression of five Aflatoxin biosynthesis genes including aflD (nor-1), aflP( omtA), aflO (omtB), aflQ(ordA), aflR in 40 strains was investigated using PCR. In this study, a number of 40 Aspergillus flavus strains from 67 species of cattle feed from 21 industrial warehouses of various areas of Tehran and Alborz were used. After isolation and culture in exclusive environment of yeast extract of sucrose agar, the isolated Aspergillus strains were investigated by microscopic and macroscopic methods. In order to make distinction between Aflatoxinogenetic and nonAflatoxinogenetic strains, PCR method and TLC techniques were used. The results showed that only 7 strains (1, 3, 5, 14, 22, 34, and 38) were Aflatoxin-producers fungi and the rest 33 samples were non-Afatoxin-producers fungi. Since Aspergillus flavus is the main contaminator of cattle feed, there is a need to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive method to identify Aflatoxigenetic fungi, particularly between Aflatoxinogenetic and nonAflatoxinogenetic strains of AF.

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Mycotoxins: food contamination, mechanism, carcinogenic potential and preventive measures

Cited by 141 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their involvement in cancer

Long-term administration of the fungus toxin, sterigmatocystin, induces intestinal metaplasia and increases the proliferative activity of PCNA, p53, and MDM2 in the gastric mucosa of aged Mongolian gerbils

Application of PCR in the Detection of Aflatoxinogenic and Non-aflatoxinogenic Strains of Aspergillus Flavus Group of Cattle Feed Isolated in Iran

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