Mycotoxins Produced by Fungi Isolated From Inshell Pecans

Schindler, A. F.; Abadie, A. N.; Gecan, John S; Mislivec, Philip B.; Brickey, Paris M

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb01027.x

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Toxigenic strains of species of the A. flavus group have been isolated from kernels of inshell pecans in this labora tory and by other workers (1,3). There fore these fungi must be capable of infesting pecan kernels either during their development and maturation or after maturation.…”

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confidence: 85%

Development of Aflatoxin in ‘Stuart’ Pecans as Affected by Shell Integrity1

Schroeder

Storey

1976

horts

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The intact shell of pecans Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch cv. Stuart provided a protective barrier to invasion of the kernels by Aspergillus flavus and to the development of kernel discoloration. After 28 days exposure to high humidity on A. flavus infested soil 36% of the surface area of pecan kernels from sound inshell nuts was discolored compared to 100% of the surface area of kernels from pecans with cracked shells. Aflatoxins were detected after 8 days in kernels (not obviously discolored or moldy) from cracked inshell nuts at a concentration of 3500 ppb and reached a maximum concentration of 1,000,000 ppb after 21 days. Aflatoxins (840 ppb) were detected in pecans with sound shells after only one of 5 exposure periods (21 days) suggesting that one nut may have had a defective shell or may have been previously contaminated. The mycotoxin, zearalenone, was extracted from kernels with sound shells after 28 days.

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confidence: 85%

Development of Aflatoxin in ‘Stuart’ Pecans as Affected by Shell Integrity1

Schroeder

Storey

1976

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Maternal protein deprivation enhances the teratogenicity of ochratoxin a in mice

Singh

Hood

1985

Teratology

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Teratogenic effects of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OA) were investigated in protein-deprived mice. Pregnant CD-1 mice were assigned to control (26%), 16%, 8%, and 4% protein diet groups and treated by gavage with 0, 2, or 3 mg/kg OA on gestation day 8 (plug = day 1). They were killed on day 18 and subjected to teratological examination. OA treatment decreased prenatal survival, particularly at the two lowest dietary protein levels. OA at the higher dose also inhibited fetal growth in all groups, with a similar effect at the low dose in the 16% and 4% protein groups. Gross malformations associated with OA were inversely related to dietary protein levels; for example, 26% and 100% of the litters were affected in the 26% and 4% protein groups, respectively, at the high OA dose. A similar trend was also seen for skeletal malformations and variations. Thus maternal protein deprivation was seen to exacerbate adverse effects of OA in a developing mammal. Such results may have implications for areas where lack of adequate food supply may cause consumption of moldy grain by women or domestic animals already living on a protein-deficient diet.

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Microbiology and Sanitation

Beuchat¹

1994

Pecan Technology

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Mycotoxins Produced by Fungi Isolated From Inshell Pecans

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Development of Aflatoxin in ‘Stuart’ Pecans as Affected by Shell Integrity1

Development of Aflatoxin in ‘Stuart’ Pecans as Affected by Shell Integrity1

Maternal protein deprivation enhances the teratogenicity of ochratoxin a in mice

Microbiology and Sanitation

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