Myelin from Peripheral and Central Nervous System Is a Nonpermissive Substrate for Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons

Bähr, Mathias; Przyrembel, C.

doi:10.1006/exnr.1995.1039

Cited by 37 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, we and others found that purified peripheral nerve myelin is as inhibitory as CNS myelin in preventing neurite growth in vitro (Bahr and Przyrembel 1995;David and others 1995). The simplest explanation for the excellent regeneration seen in peripheral nerves despite the presence of inhibitors in peripheral nerve myelin is the rapidity with which myelin and its inhibitors are cleared by macrophages from the distal nerve segment undergoing Wallerian degeneration.…”

Section: The Neuroscientist Cns-immune System Interaction In Axon Regmentioning

confidence: 73%

Book Review: Recruiting the Immune Response to Promote Axon Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord

David

Ousman

2002

Neuroscientist

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Myelin contains molecules that can inhibit the growth and regeneration of axons. Neutralizing the activity of these inhibitors can enhance axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The complexity of the CNS-immune system interactions after CNS trauma is now beginning to be better understood. Recent studies indicate that both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses can help in promoting axon regeneration after CNS injury. It is hoped that such advances will lead to the development of safe and effective vaccine and cytokine treatments for spinal cord injuries.

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Section: The Neuroscientist Cns-immune System Interaction In Axon Regmentioning

confidence: 73%

Book Review: Recruiting the Immune Response to Promote Axon Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord

David

Ousman

2002

Neuroscientist

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“…In this study, besides MMP9 and BDNF, myelin-related genes (MAG and MAL) were also found to be up-regulated starting from 4 days post injury. Myelin is an important inhibiting factor for neurite growth and nerve repair (Bähr and Przyrembel, 1995; David et al, 1995). Why were not the myelin-related genes up-regulated until a relatively later stage post injury?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Distal Nerve Stump following Nerve Injury: Insights into Wallerian Degeneration

2016

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Nerve injury is a common and difficult clinical problem worldwide with a high disability rate. Different from the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system is able to regenerate after injury. Wallerian degeneration in the distal nerve stump contributes to the construction of a permissible microenvironment for peripheral nerve regeneration. To gain new molecular insights into Wallerian degeneration, this study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and elucidate significantly involved pathways and cellular functions in the distal nerve stump following nerve injury. Microarray analysis showed that a few genes were differentially expressed at 0.5 and 1 h post nerve injury and later on a relatively larger number of genes were up-regulated or down-regulated. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that inflammation and immune response, cytokine signaling, cellular growth and movement, as well as tissue development and function were significantly activated following sciatic nerve injury. Notably, a cellular function highly related to nerve regeneration, which is called Nervous System Development and Function, was continuously activated from 4 days until 4 weeks post injury. Our results may provide further understanding of Wallerian degeneration from a genetic perspective, thus aiding the development of potential therapies for peripheral nerve injury.

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“…Reactive astrocytes are negative modulators of axon growth following adult CNS injury, owing to their production of neurite outgrowth‐inhibitory molecules. Although immature astrocytes are a supportive substrate for axon outgrowth in vivo (Silver et al, 1993; Bahr and Przyrembel, 1995; Lane et al, 2007; White and Jakeman, 2008) and in vitro (Ard et al, 1991; Bahr and Przyrembel, 1995), reactive astrocytes are a nonpermissive substrate for axon regeneration (Gilbert et al, 2005; Lane et al, 2007; White and Jakeman, 2008). Furthermore, reactive astrocytes inhibit Schwann cell proliferation and myelin formation (Guenard et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Schwann cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan inhibits dorsal root ganglion neuron neurite outgrowth and substrate specificity via a soma and not a growth cone mechanism

Kuffler

Sosa

Reyes

2009

J of Neuroscience Research

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Sensory axons do not regenerate into or within the spinal cord because of the presence of the axon regeneration inhibitor chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) on activated astrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system, CSPG associated with denervated Schwann cells retards axon regeneration, but regeneration occurs because the balance of regenerating, inhibiting, and promoting factors favors regeneration. The present experiments were aimed at determining the mechanism by which Schwann cells inhibit adult human dorsal root ganglia (H-DRG) neuron growth cone elongation and substrate specificity, restricting the growth cones to Schwann cell membranes and inhibiting their growth onto a poly-l-lysine/laminin substrate. Neurites of H-DRG neurons free of soma contact with Schwann cells, or after the Schwann cell membranes' CSPG had been digested, were 11.1-fold longer than those of neurons in soma contact with untreated Schwann cells. Growth cones of DRG neuron somas without Schwann cell CSPG showed no outgrowth inhibition or substrate specificity. These results indicate that the Schwann cell CSPG influences act via contact with neuron somas but not growth cones. These results suggest that eliminating CSPG associated with Schwann cells within DRG in vivo will make the neurons' growth cones insensitive to the regeneration inhibitory influences of CSPG, allowing them to regenerate through the dorsal root entry zone and into and within the spinal cord, where they can establish appropriate and functional synaptic connections.

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Myelin from Peripheral and Central Nervous System Is a Nonpermissive Substrate for Retinal Ganglion Cell Axons

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Book Review: Recruiting the Immune Response to Promote Axon Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord

Book Review: Recruiting the Immune Response to Promote Axon Regeneration in the Injured Spinal Cord

Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in Distal Nerve Stump following Nerve Injury: Insights into Wallerian Degeneration

Schwann cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan inhibits dorsal root ganglion neuron neurite outgrowth and substrate specificity via a soma and not a growth cone mechanism

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