Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in adults with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype

Abstract

MOG antibody-associated NMO/NMOSD could account for some cases thought previously to be AQP4-seronegative NMO/NMOSD. Our 4 patients appear to have more favorable clinical outcomes than those with typical AQP4 antibody-mediated disease. However, further studies of NMO/NMOSD and other demyelinating conditions are required to help clarify the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of MOG antibodies.

Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in bilateral and recurrent optic neuritis

“…[14][15][16][17][18] In contrast, the clinical relevance of MOG antibodies in adults is unclear, as only a minority of patients with MS and NMO/NMOSD are seropositive. 16,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Herein, we provide evidence that MOG antibodies are a clinical biomarker of bilateral and/ or recurrent optic neuritis (BON) in adults and describe the characteristic clinical course, response to therapy, and visual outcomes of this condition.…”

“…This fulminant presentation of sequential BON and LETM is uncommon in AQP4 antibody-positive NMO and reminiscent of the original descriptions of Devic disease. 22 A recent study 23 described 9 patients with MOG antibodies, the majority of whom had transverse myelitis. All our MOG antibody-positive patients had both brain and spine MRIs performed.…”

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a pediatric case report

“…Several studies show a pattern of apparently monophasic NMOSD being assosiated with more equitable sex distribution, a relatively younger age at disease onset, a tendency to present with simultaneous myelitis and bilateral ON, a lower frequency of other autoimmune diseases, and lower prevalence of AQP4-IgG compared to relapsing NMOSD [22]. A fraction of these patients may have other serum antibodies such as MOG-IgG [23].…”

Present and Future Therapies in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

“…The case for AQP4-IgG-negative NMO is more complex, as these patients form a heterogeneous group with demographic and clinical characteristics different from seropositive patients [11]. Autoantibodies targeting the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein have been reported in some AQP4-IgG-negative patients with a classical clinical presentation of NMO [12,13], however, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibodies are not specific for NMO and occur in a variety of other demyelinating diseases [14]. Recently, new diagnostic criteria were published that present a uniform concept combining NMO and NMOSD [15], which is why the term "NMOSD" will be used throughout this review.…”