Myelinated and unmyelinated axons of the corpus callosum differ in vulnerability and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury

Reeves, Thomas M.; Phillips, Linda R.; Povlishock, John T.

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.014

Cited by 248 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…71 These fiber types are preferentially vulnerable to damage and have limited ability to recover following TBI. 72,73 It is possible that anterior callosal neuroanatomy, combined with incomplete and rapid myelination between ages 8-12, may predispose the anterior CC to detrimental effects of RHI experienced during this critical neurodevelopmental period. The reduced RD observed in the AFE <12 group in this study suggests that RHI may disrupt the normal myelination process in childhood, possibly leading to a reduced peak level of myelination in the adult brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players

Stamm

Koerte

Muehlmann

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

158

131

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Youth football players may incur hundreds of repetitive head impacts (RHI) in one season. Our recent research suggests that exposure to RHI during a critical neurodevelopmental period prior to age 12 may lead to greater later-life mood, behavioral, and cognitive impairments. Here, we examine the relationship between age of first exposure (AFE) to RHI through tackle football and later-life corpus callosum (CC) microstructure using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Forty retired National Football League (NFL) players, ages 40-65, were matched by age and divided into two groups based on their AFE to tackle football: before age 12 or at age 12 or older. Participants underwent DTI on a 3 Tesla Siemens (TIM-Verio) magnet. The whole CC and five subregions were defined and seeded using deterministic tractography. Dependent measures were fractional anisotropy (FA), trace, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. Results showed that former NFL players in the AFE <12 group had significantly lower FA in anterior three CC regions and higher radial diffusivity in the most anterior CC region than those in the AFE ‡12 group. This is the first study to find a relationship between AFE to RHI and later-life CC microstructure. These results suggest that incurring RHI during critical periods of CC development may disrupt neurodevelopmental processes, including myelination, resulting in altered CC microstructure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players

Stamm

Koerte

Muehlmann

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

158

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Compound action potentials (CAPs) in the corpus callosum were evaluated as previously described. 16,17 The mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (5%), decapitated, and the brains were quickly removed. Coronal slices (450 mm) were cut on a Vibratome and placed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; NaCl 130 mmol/L, KCl 3.5 mmol/L, Na 2 H2PO 4 1.25 mmol/L, MgSO 4 1.5 mmol/L, CaCl 2 2 mmol/L, NaHCO 3 24 mmol/L, glucose 10 mol/L; pH 7.4) pre-gassed with a mixture of 95% O 2 /5% CO 2 .…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting thin sections were collected on formvar-coated slotted grids and stained with lead citrate. 17 Using a Philips CM120 electron microscope (Royal Dutch Philips Electronics Ltd., Amsterdam, Holland, The Netherlands), sections were screened and representative images acquired at Â 4,800 on film. Given that no international criteria have been established to describe the pathologic sequelae in axons after TBI, fibers were assessed for evidence of any structural/subcellular perturbation over time, such as degradation of the myelin sheath, ultrathin myelin sheath, and morphologic changes in neurofilaments.…”

Section: Traumatic Brain Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Neurologic Recovery and Attenuates White Matter Injury after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

104

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Dietary supplementation with omega-3 (o-3) fatty acids is a safe, economical mean of preventive medicine that has shown protection against several neurologic disorders. The present study tested the hypothesis that this method is protective against controlled cortical impact (CCI). Indeed, mice fed with o-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet for 2 months exhibited attenuated short and long-term behavioral deficits due to CCI. Although o-3 PUFAs did not decrease cortical lesion volume, these fatty acids did protect against hippocampal neuronal loss after CCI and reduced pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, o-3 PUFAs prevented the loss of myelin basic protein (MPB), preserved the integrity of the myelin sheath, and maintained the nerve fiber conductivity in the CCI model. o-3 PUFAs also directly protected oligodendrocyte cultures from excitotoxicity and blunted the microglial activation-induced death of oligodendrocytes in microglia/oligodendrocyte cocultures. In sum, o-3 PUFAs elicit multifaceted protection against behavioral dysfunction, hippocampal neuronal loss, inflammation, and loss of myelination and impulse conductivity. The present report is the first demonstration that o-3 PUFAs protect against white matter injury in vivo and in vitro. The protective impact of o-3 PUFAs supports the clinical use of this dietary supplement as a prophylaxis against traumatic brain injury and other nervous system disorders.

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“…Another neuropathological complexity that is only beginning to be understood is the individual differences and heterogeneity of injury to individual cells (Buki & Povlishock, 2006;Reeves et al, 2005;Singleton & Povlishock, 2004). This too may be under genetic control where individual differences to injury susceptibility relates to outcome.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Concussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

Bigler

2007

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

363

248

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On the mild end of the acquired brain injury spectrum, the terms concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have been used interchangeably, where persistent post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) has been a label given when symptoms persist for more than three months post-concussion. Whereas a brief history of concussion research is overviewed, the focus of this review is on the current status of PPCS as a clinical entity from the perspective of recent advances in the biomechanical modeling of concussion in human and animal studies, particularly directed at a better understanding of the neuropathology associated with concussion. These studies implicate common regions of injury, including the upper brainstem, base of the frontal lobe, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, medial temporal lobe, fornix, and corpus callosum. Limitations of current neuropsychological techniques for the clinical assessment of memory and executive function are explored and recommendations for improved research designs offered, that may enhance the study of long-term neuropsychological sequelae of concussion. (JINS, 2008, 14, 1-22.)

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Myelinated and unmyelinated axons of the corpus callosum differ in vulnerability and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury

Cited by 248 publications

References 36 publications

Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players

Age at First Exposure to Football Is Associated with Altered Corpus Callosum White Matter Microstructure in Former Professional Football Players

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Improves Neurologic Recovery and Attenuates White Matter Injury after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Neuropsychology and clinical neuroscience of persistent post-concussive syndrome

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