“…In the reports of working groups with more intensive chemotherapy, for example, in the GIMEMA group using VP-16, the incidence of MDS or AML after APL treatment was 6.5%, whereas in the studies of European APL group which omitted the application of VP16 that incidence was 0.97%. 99,100 The cheaper prices of ATRA and ATO (provided by the Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturers) make them widely used in China. In some other developing countries like India and Iran ATO is also available, however, these two drugs are more expensive on international markets, especially ATO.…”