Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation

Stegelmeier, Ashley A.; Vloten, Jacob P. van; Mould, Robert C.; Klafuric, Elaine M.; Minott, Jessica A.; Wootton, Sarah K.; Bridle, Byram W.; Karimi, Khalil

doi:10.3390/v11020168

Cited by 94 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…The role monocytes play in initiating and coordinating the immune response against viral infections is increasingly appreciated, as well as the pathogenic effects of their excessive recruitment (Lamichhane and Samarasinghe, 2019;Stegelmeier et al, 2019). Here, we use CD14 + positively-selected primary monocytes as a model to explore their specific contribution to influenza infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of monocyte subsets and susceptibility to influenza virus contribute to inter-population variability of protective immunity

O’Neill

Quach

Pothlichet³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SUMMARYThere is considerable inter-individual immunological and clinical variability upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection in humans; yet, the factors underlying such heterogeneity remain elusive. Here, using an ex vivo cellular model that captures natural human variation in the transcriptional responses of monocytes to IAV, we find significant differences in viral mRNA levels between individuals of African and European ancestry. Using single cell analyses, we show that the overall number of cells that will ultimately become infected, rather than the amount of viral transcript expression per cell, is the main driver of the higher IAV mRNA levels detected in European cells. Finally, we identify 135 genes, including the interferon-stimulated genes IFITM3, MX1, and OAS3, for which basal mRNA expression levels associate with IAV mRNA levels post infection. Our findings reveal that basal differences in activation of IRF/STAT-induced antiviral mechanisms may contribute to individual and population disparities in susceptibility to IAV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of monocyte subsets and susceptibility to influenza virus contribute to inter-population variability of protective immunity

O’Neill

Quach

Pothlichet³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…One additional pathway through which human coronavirus may reach the CNS is by passing the epithelium and reaching the blood stream or the lymph (56). Viruses can further infect different myeloid cells to manipulate the innate immunity and to disseminate to other tissues, including the CNS (56,57).…”

Section: Anosmia Caused By Sars-cov2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Olfactory Function—Early Indicator for Covid-19, Other Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Disorders

et al. 2020

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The loss of the senses of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) are rather common disorders, affecting up to 20% of the adult population. Yet, this condition has not received the attention it deserves, most probably because per se such a disorder is not life threatening. However, loss of olfactory function significantly reduces the quality of life of the affected patients, leading to dislike in food and insufficient, exaggerated or unbalanced food intake, unintentional exposure to toxins such as household gas, social isolation, depression, and an overall insecurity. Not only is olfactory dysfunction rather prevalent in the healthy population, it is, in many instances, also a correlate or an early indicator of a panoply of diseases. Importantly, olfactory dysfunction is linked to the two most prominent neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Anosmia and hyposmia (reduced sense of smell) affect a majority of patients years before the onset of cognitive or motor symptoms, establishing olfactory dysfunction as early biomarker that can enable earlier diagnosis and preventative treatments. In the current health crisis caused by SARS-CoV2, anosmia and dysgeusia as early-onset symptoms in virus-positive patients may prove to be highly relevant and crucial for pre-symptomatic Covid-19 detection from a public health perspective, preceding by days the more classical respiratory tract symptoms such as cough, tightness of the chest or fever. Thus, the olfactory system seems to be at the frontline of pathologic assault, be it through pathogens or insults that can lead to or at least associate with neurodegeneration. The aim of this review is to assemble current knowledge from different medical fields that all share a common denominator, olfactory/gustatory dysfunction, and to distill overarching etiologies and disease progression mechanisms.

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“…It has been proposed that enhancing heterophil functions of commercial chickens and turkeys may improve resistance to bacterial infections in young poultry and enhance lifetime health [14]. Neutrophils are also considered to have key roles in viral [33], parasitic [34] and fungal [35] infections but work is lacking in these areas regarding heterophils.…”

Section: Relevance To Poultry Gut Health and Associated Studies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Microbe Interactions and Gut Health in Poultry—Focus on Innate Responses

Broom

2019

Microorganisms

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Commercial poultry are continually exposed to, frequently pathogenic, microorganisms, usually via mucosal surfaces such as the intestinal mucosa. Thus, understanding host–microbe interactions is vital. Many of these microorganisms may have no or limited contact with the host, while most of those interacting more meaningfully with the host will be dealt with by the innate immune response. Fundamentally, poultry have evolved to have immune responses that are generally appropriate and adequate for their acquired microbiomes, although this is challenged by commercial production practices. Innate immune cells and their functions, encompassing inflammatory responses, create the context for neutralising the stimulus and initiating resolution. Dysregulated inflammatory responses can be detrimental but, being a highly conserved biological process, inflammation is critical for host defence. Heterogeneity and functional plasticity of innate immune cells is underappreciated and offers the potential for (gut) health interventions, perhaps including exogenous opportunities to influence immune cell metabolism and thus function. New approaches could focus on identifying and enhancing decisive but less harmful immune processes, improving the efficiency of innate immune cells (e.g., targeted, efficient microbial killing) and promoting phenotypes that drive resolution of inflammation. Breeding strategies and suitable exogenous interventions offer potential solutions to enhance poultry gut health, performance and welfare.

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Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation

Cited by 94 publications

References 183 publications

Heterogeneity of monocyte subsets and susceptibility to influenza virus contribute to inter-population variability of protective immunity

Heterogeneity of monocyte subsets and susceptibility to influenza virus contribute to inter-population variability of protective immunity

Loss of Olfactory Function—Early Indicator for Covid-19, Other Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Host–Microbe Interactions and Gut Health in Poultry—Focus on Innate Responses

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