Myndus crudus (Homoptera: Cixiidae) in Cancun, Mexico

Howard, Forrest W.; Kramer, J. P.; Teliz-Ortiz, M.

doi:10.2307/3494471

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When present in high densities, sap feeders are known to cause various disorders on leaves (Howard et al, 1984a;Backus et al, 2005). Palms in cages with newly hatched nymphs had 5% more chlorotic leaflets when compared to those where field-collected Z. lobulata were released.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is corroborated by the sleeved frond experiments where chlorosis was sustained for the first four months of the experiment on the treatment that had insects throughout the experiment, until the chlorotic leaflets started dying off. When present in high densities, sap feeders are known to cause various disorders on leaves (Howard et al, 1984a;Backus et al, 2005). FD may have been induced by wound responses triggered by movement of the insect stylets in the plant tissues, as is the case with the grapevine leafhoppers Empoasca spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have shown that the presence of phytoplasmas in plants leads to a decrease in chlorophyll content which interferes with photosynthetic activity resulting in yellowing and rapid senescence of leaf tissue (Lepka et al, 1999;Junqueira et al, 2004). Independent of pathogen transmission, some sap feeders induce plant disorders (Howard et al, 1984a;Backus et al, 2005) through cell destruction when the insect stylet pierces plant tissues (Kabrick & Backus, 1990;Backus et al, 2005Backus et al, , 2007 or because of reaction of plant tissues to hopper salivary secretions (Ecale & Backus, 1995;Walling, 2009). Detection and identification of non-culturable plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas is widely conducted using molecular biology techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) causes Finschhafen disorder of coconut and oil palms

Gitau

Gurr

Dewhurst

et al. 2010

Annals of Applied Biology

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Finschhafen disorder (FD) affects coconut and oil palms in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is characterised by yellow-bronzing of fronds which begins at the tips and progresses towards the petiole. Although the planthopper Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) has been posited as a cause of FD, the basis of the relationship has not been established. Studies conducted previously on FD predate the availability of DNA-based techniques to test for the involvement of plant pathogens such as phytoplasmas that cause yellows-type diseases in many plant taxa and are transmitted by the order of insects to which Z. lobulata belongs. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays found no evidence of phytoplasmas or bacteria-like organisms (BLOs) in tissues of coconut and oil palm symptomatic for FD and from Z. lobulata feeding on these plants. Further studies involved releasing Z. lobulata adults and nymphs onto caged, potted coconut and oil palms and onto palm fronds enclosed in mesh sleeves. In both experiments, chlorotic symptoms on the palms were observed in the presence of Z. lobulata. Insect-free control palms did not exhibit chlorotic symptoms of FD. In the frond sleeve experiment, only the fronds where Z. lobulata fed developed chlorosis indicating that the disorder is not systemic. Unlike most yellows-type diseases associated with Hemiptera, this study indicates that FD is because of a direct feeding effect on palms by Z. lobulata rather than transmission of a pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) causes Finschhafen disorder of coconut and oil palms

Gitau

Gurr

Dewhurst

et al. 2010

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…the EU was designed to free up our markets so that we could compete globally. But the weight of tax and regulation it has introduced has had almost exactly the opposite effect—damming the flood of enterprise that should be sweeping across Europe (Howard 2004).…”

Section: Images Of Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The European Disunion

Gamble¹

2006

The British Journal of Politics and International Relations

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This article explores the state of the UK debate on Europe following the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty by France and the Netherlands in 2005. It examines the conflict between the intergovernmental and supranational conceptions of the EU that lay at the heart of the Constitutional Treaty, various scenarios that have been proposed for how the EU might now develop and different overlapping images of Europe that have defined the European debate. The contradictory nature of Britain's attitude to the EU is noted. The British remain strongly attached to an intergovernmental conception of the EU and reject any further pooling of sovereignty, while at the same time they are strongly attached to the virtues of a liberal world order, requiring constant subordination of national sovereignty to achieve it. It is argued that a re-founding of the European Union on Euro-sceptic principles might be a necessary precondition for further advance.In the spring of 2005 the EU Constitutional Treaty, which had been approved and signed by all states on 29 October 2004, was ratified by Spain and later by Luxembourg following successful referenda, and by nine other member states after votes in their parliaments. But, these successes were far outweighed by its rejection in referenda in two of the founder members of the Union, the Netherlands and France. Once France and the Netherlands had confirmed that they would not seek a further referendum to overturn the 'no' vote, several other countries, including Britain, then declared that they would not proceed with their own ratification process, despite some pressure to do so. Since ratification had to be unanimous, a decision against by just one state meant that the treaty could not come into force, even if the remaining states had all successfully ratified it. Of the 12 countries that suspended ratification, six were pledged to hold a referendum and six a vote in parliament.The rejection of the Constitutional Treaty was an important moment in the debate on the EU in Britain. It confirmed the shift within British public opinion and the British political class, including the Labour government, to a more Euro-sceptic position. A vote on Britain joining the euro had already been postponed indefinitely, and Blair's decision to join the invasion of Iraq had split Britain from France and Germany and majority European opinion, by reaffirming the traditional British priority for the United States over Europe (Kampfner 2003;Riddell 2003). The No Campaign was disappointed that the British were not to be allowed to vote on the treaty, since polls were indicating that it would have been decisively rejected. The government did not try to hide its relief. Attention shifted to the budget and the question of Britain's rebate in the light of the enlargement of the EU to 25 members. The government declared that it would only accept a reduction in the British rebate in return for a substantial reform of the Common Agricultural Policy, which was immediately ruled out by France and Germany.

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Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid)

Whittaker¹

2016

CABI Compendium

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Myndus crudus (Homoptera: Cixiidae) in Cancun, Mexico

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) causes Finschhafen disorder of coconut and oil palms

Zophiuma lobulata (Hemiptera: Lophopidae) causes Finschhafen disorder of coconut and oil palms

The European Disunion

Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid)

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