Myocardial Function and Lipid Metabolism in the Chronic Alcoholic Animal

Regan, Timothy J.; Khan, Mohammad Ibrahim; Ettinger, Philip O.; Haider, Bunyad; Lyons, Michael M.; Oldewurtel, Henry A.

doi:10.1172/jci107812

Cited by 104 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…End-diastolic pressures were measured over at least two respiratory cycles and averaged. These have been found to correlate to a high degree with pressure measured from a micromanometer-tip (Millap) catheter in accord with previous studies (Nivatpumin et al, 1979;Regan et al, 1974). Cardiac output was measured from the indicator dilution curves samples from the pulmonary artery after the right atrial injection (Ganz et al, 1972;Weisel et al, 1975).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Although animals using cigarettes alone were not tested, it is noteworthy that use of chronic nicotine, the putative major cardioactive agent in cigarettes has previously been associated with diminished diastolic compliance (Ahmed et al, 1980). Diminished ventricular compliance after chronic ethanol use has previously been described in a mongrel dog model after 18 months of ethanol as 36% of calories (Regan et al, 1974;Thomas et al, 1980); but no associated decline of contractility was observed until exposure was increased to 48 months (Thomas et al, 1980). Thus, diminished left ventricular contractility in the beagle after 18 months may respresent a greater susceptibility of the myocardium in this species to the toxic effects of ethanol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Elevated aortic pressure has been described in the early hours after interruption of a chronic ethanol regimen in high dose (Beckman et al, 1981). The longer interval after the last ingestion of ethanol in the mongrel experiments may account for the normotensive state during those hemodynamic observations (Regan et al, 1974;Thomas et al, 1980). We have previously examined the relationships of the modest hypertensive response to chronic smoking in beagles to the decline of the contractility indices (Ahmed et al, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three successive curves were used to calculate the forced flow. The stroke volume and stroke work were obtained as previously reported (Regan et al, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average dose administered was 2.7 hg/min. Left ventricular function was further assessed during volume expansion (Regan et al, 1974). A second catheter was introduced into the left ventricle, and saline at the temperature of blood was infused at 48 ml/min for 3-5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of chronic cigarette and ethanol use on myocardium

Ahmed

Torres

Regan

1985

Clinical Cardiology

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Summary:Chronic cigarette use is common in persons who habitually use other cardioactive agents that have been causally associated with heart disease. This study was undertaken to determine if cigarette use intensifies the abnormalities of myocardial function and composition observed in experimental alcoholism over an 18-month period. Young adult male beagles with tracheostomy were divided into four groups. There were 10 controls (group 1); 9 smoked seven cigarettes per day (group 2); 7 were fed ethanol as 20% of calories (group 3), and 6 received both ethanol and cigarettes (group 4). After a period of 18 months, left ventricular function was assessed under anesthesia. Heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and volumes (indicator dilution) did not differ in the four groups. An index of contractility derived by normalizing peak dP/dt for pre-and afterload was reduced significantly below the level of 2.41 f0.7 cm/s in controls to 1.41f0.35 in group 2, 1.19f0.38 in group 3, and 1.28f0.17 in the ethanol cigarette group (each p < 0.002). Arterial pressures were moderately elevated above group 1 in all three experimental groups without evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In contrast to smoking, which elicited no abnormalities of myocardial cation composition, ethanol reduced myocardial potassium and sodium in group 3 without a gain of water content. In group 4, no further decline of tissue cations was observed. Thus, cigarette use when combined with ethanol over a relatively long period produced no greater myocardial abnormalities than ethanol alone and may not be essential to the genesis of cardiomyopathy in alcoholics.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three successive curves were used to calculate the forced flow. The stroke volume and stroke work were obtained as previously reported (Regan et al, 1974).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of chronic cigarette and ethanol use on myocardium

Ahmed

Torres

Regan

1985

Clinical Cardiology

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Alcohol and the heart. The long-term effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system

Moushmoush¹

1991

Archives of Internal Medicine

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Spectrum of heart muscle abnormalities related to alcoholism

Ahmed

Levinson

Fiore

et al. 1980

Clinical Cardiology

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To assess the diastolic and systolic performance characteristics of the left ventricle in alcoholism, three patient groups with a history of heavy alcohol consumption were compared with normal subjects. In those with symptoms related to chest pain or palpitations, heart size was normal on x ray. In groups III and IV, dyspnea was associated with varying degrees of cardiomegaly and a high prevalence of absent septal Q on the ECG.Despite substantial differences in physical findings, all three groups exhibited a significant increase in end‐diastolic pressure. Group I was distinguished by the fact that end‐diastolic volume was not increased but actually somewhat diminished. Groups II and III were characterized by a significant increase in end‐diastolic volume and tension. The latter was enhanced to a significantly greater extent in group III and was the most prominent hemodynamic abnormality in this group. A major change in the index of contractility, as well as in the rate of relaxation, occurred in group I. Further moderate depression of these indices was observed in the groups with enhanced diastolic volume. In the patients who had mitral regurgitation a more severe depression of left ventricular function was present in the alcoholic group than in a nonalcoholic control group, and was presumably due to the toxic effects of ethanol on the left ventricle.Thus, in those alcoholic patients who develop cardiac alterations, the earliest abnormality is characterized by diminished left ventricular compliance and a moderate contractility deficit without heart failure. In those who progress, end‐diastolic tension is substantially enhanced and further reduction in contractility indices is observed. The potential for reversibility is discussed.

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Myocardial Function and Lipid Metabolism in the Chronic Alcoholic Animal

Cited by 104 publications

References 50 publications

Interaction of chronic cigarette and ethanol use on myocardium

Interaction of chronic cigarette and ethanol use on myocardium

Alcohol and the heart. The long-term effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system

Spectrum of heart muscle abnormalities related to alcoholism

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