Myocardial Infarction in Young Athletes

Background: Point-of-care (POC) cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) measurement methods often involve immunoassays, which can provide a momentary view of cTnI levels but the current modality highly restricts access to and frequency of testing in a sports and exercise medicine setting due to the requirement of a blood draw. Objectives: This study aimed to compare cTnI concentrations in saliva and serum in athletes before (T1), early (T2), 4 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after exercise. Methods: 82 male runners were recruited and then divided into two groups. 54 participants (group 1) completed a 5-km time-trial, while 28 participants (group 2) did not undergo this exercise. POC testing device was used to quantify salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI in both groups at T1, T2, T3, and T4. Results: In group 1, salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI increased at T2 (0.41±0.06 ng/mL and 0.48±0.06 ng/mL) compared to T1 (0.18±0.04 ng/mL and 0.22±0.04 ng/mL), reaching the highest values at T3 (0.62±0.05 ng/mL and 0.76±0.05 ng/mL) with the subsequent return to baseline values at T4 (0.16±0.03 ng/mL and 0.22±0.03 ng/mL). In group 2, there were no time-dependent changes in cTnI levels in both saliva (T1: 0.17±0.04 ng/mL, T2: 0.16±0.03 ng/mL, T3: 0.16±0.04 ng/mL, T4: 0.16±0.04 ng/mL) and serum (T1: 0.22±0.04 ng/mL, T2: 0.22±0.04 ng/mL, T3: 0.21±0.03 ng/mL, T4: 0.21±0.04 ng/mL). Salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI were significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1 at T2 and T3; there was no difference between groups at T1 and T4. Deming regression and Passing—Bablok regression revealed that there was differential bias (at T3), but proportional agreement (at T1, T2, T3, T4) between salivary and serum levels of cTnI in both groups. The Bland—Altman method indicated that there was a negative differential bias but no proportional bias in the data. Recalibration of the new measurement approach (measurement of cTnI levels in saliva) by using the MethodCompare R package was effective in removing existing bias, as evidenced by its similar precision to the reference method (measurement of cTnI levels in serum), particularly at T2, T3, and T4. Conclusions: In athletic settings, quantification of cTnI levels in saliva utilizing the POC-cTnI-Getein1100 assay may be a useful non-invasive tool in evaluating whether exercise-induced increases in cTnI levels are transient or there are acutely or chronically elevated cTnI concentrations.

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Bibliometric analysis of youth myocardial infarction research (1980–2023)

Fu,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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IntroductionCardiovascular diseases include myocardial infarction, a high mortality disease. Myocardial infarction patients are becoming younger, typically defined as patients under 45 years of age. This study analyzes the relevant papers on myocardial infarction in youth in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between 1980 and 2023.MethodsIt uses bibliometric methods to systematically understand the current status and development trend of research in this field. We searched the WoSCC between 1980 and 2023 for research papers and reviews on myocardial infarction in youth. We set the screening criteria for language as English and used tools such as Citespace, SCImago Graphica, and VOS Viewer to analyze the selected literature exhaustively. This comprehensive approach helped us gain a comprehensive understanding of research hotspots, academic partnerships, and trends in the field.ResultsFrom the WoSCC, we identified 790 publications related to myocardial infarction in youth. First, the United States, Italy, and China are major contributors to international cooperation. The United States plays a vital bridging role. Next, in the scholars' combined contribution power analysis, Krumholz and Donfrio were the key contributors in this field. In addition, popular research directions are based on age. As a result of the literature cluster analysis, we found that myocardial infarction in youth is associated with gender, smoking, coagulation factors, apolipoproteins, and gene polymorphisms.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive bibliometric study of myocardial infarction in youth. It aims to examine the current status and trends in myocardial infarction in youth. As a result, the study results will provide researchers with an overview of emerging trends.

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Myocardial Infarction in Young Athletes

Cited by 3 publications

References 54 publications

The role of coronary CT angiography in athletes

The role of coronary CT angiography in athletes

Utilizing Saliva for Non-Invasive Detection of Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury with Point-of-Care Cardiac Troponin-I

Bibliometric analysis of youth myocardial infarction research (1980–2023)

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