Myofibroblasts. I. Paracrine cells important  in health and disease

Powell, Don W.; Mifflin, Randy C.; Valentich, J. D.; Crowe, Sheila E.; Saada, Jamal I.; West, A. Brian

doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.1.c1

Cited by 805 publications

(932 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…hUCM cells are among the myofibroblast family of cells. These cells propagate rapidly in the laboratory and have some similarities with embryonic and adult stem cells [31], and also contribute to cell and tissue regulation through the secretion of growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines [32]. In the Cndm group in which the supernatant of hUCMs was used as a conditioned medium, the developmental rate was higher than in the control (E-ctr) but the blastomere number was lower than in the Co-c and Aopm groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants rescue stressed embryos at a rate comparable with co-culturing of embryos with human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells

Moshkdanian

Nematollahi‐Mahani

Pouya

et al. 2011

J Assist Reprod Genet

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Purpose During laboratory manipulations, oocytes and embryos are inevitably exposed to suboptimal conditions that interfere with the normal development of embryos. Materials and methods In this study, we examined the effects of antioxidants, feeder cells and a conditioned medium on embryo development and cleavage rate following exposure of the embryos to suboptimal conditions. We exposed mouse two-cell embryos to visible light and divided them into four groups: control (E-ctr), co-culture (Co-c), conditioned medium (Cndm) and antioxidant-plus medium (Aopm). We used human umbilical cord matrixderived mesenchymal cells for co-culture. A group of embryos was not exposed to visible light and served as the non-exposed control (NE-ctr) group. ResultsThe developmental rate was higher in NE-ctr embryos than in the E-ctr group. Exposed embryos in the various groups showed a comparable developmental rate at different stages. Blastomere number significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Co-c and Aopm groups compared with the E-ctr and Cndm groups. No significant difference was observed between the Co-c and Aopm groups. Conclusions Our data indicate that in suboptimal conditions, antioxidants could improve the embryo cleavage rate in the same way as feeder cells. Antioxidants probably improve embryo quality through their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants rescue stressed embryos at a rate comparable with co-culturing of embryos with human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells

Moshkdanian

Nematollahi‐Mahani

Pouya

et al. 2011

J Assist Reprod Genet

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“…Although the SPARC-transfected 293 tumors lacked activated fibroblasts, these tumors contained large amounts of mature collagen owing to the high numbers of fibroblasts in the stroma. In contrast, the presence SPARC influences tumor stroma A Chlenski et al promoting tumor growth (Powell et al, 1999). The functional contributions of myofibroblasts to tumor growth remain poorly understood, although recent studies indicate that these cells secrete stromal cellderived factor 1 (SDF-1), a protein that is capable of recruiting endothelial precursor cells into carcinomas and promoting angiogenesis (Orimo et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional contributions of myofibroblasts to tumor growth remain poorly understood, although recent studies indicate that these cells secrete stromal cellderived factor 1 (SDF-1), a protein that is capable of recruiting endothelial precursor cells into carcinomas and promoting angiogenesis (Orimo et al, 2005). A variety of factors contribute to the induction of myofibroblast differentiation, including stem cell factor (SCF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Powell et al, 1999). It remains unclear if SPARC inhibits myofibroblast differentiation by interacting with one or more of these factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPARC enhances tumor stroma formation and prevents fibroblast activation

et al. 2007

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Tumor growth is influenced by interactions between malignant cells and the tumor stroma. Although the normal host microenvironment is nonpermissive for neoplastic progression, tumor-reactive stroma, characterized by the presence of activated fibroblasts, promotes neoplastic growth and metastasis. Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein that is capable of inhibiting the growth of several different types of cancer. Recently, we reported that SPARC also impairs the growth of xenografts comprised of 293 cells. In this study, we show that in addition to enhancing stroma formation, SPARC prevents fibroblast activation in 293 xenografts, suggesting that the anticancer effects of SPARC may be due, at least in part, to the formation of tumor stroma that is not supportive of tumor growth. In vitro, 3T3 fibroblasts cocultured with SPARC-transfected 293 cells remain negative for a-smooth muscle actin, whereas wild-type 293 cells induce fibroblast activation. Moreover, activation of 3T3 cells and primary fibroblasts by transforming growth factor b is blocked by SPARC treatment. We also demonstrate that SPARC significantly increases basic fibroblast growth factor-induced fibroblast migration in vitro, indicating that it may recruit host fibroblasts to the tumor stroma. Taken together, our results suggest that in addition to blocking angiogenesis, SPARC may inhibit tumor growth by promoting the assembly of stroma that is nonpermissive for tumor progression.

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“…However, it is more likely that the increased fluorescence observed in the TGF␤1-treated samples resulted from increased fibroblast proliferation rather than enhanced viability for the following reasons: (1) the cells were cultured for 4 days before the assay was run, (2) AlamarBlue essentially provides a measure of viable cell number, and (3) TGF␤1 is known to be an important mitogenic signal for fibroblasts. 37 The addition of ITE to TGF␤1-treated cultures did reduce AlamarBlue fluorescence relative to samples treated with only TGF␤1. However, AlamarBlue fluorescence was still greater than control in these co-treated cultures, confirming that ITE treatment of fibroblasts produces no toxicity.…”

Section: Ite Treatment Is Not Toxic To Primary Human Orbital Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand ITE Inhibits TGFβ1-Induced Human Myofibroblast Differentiation

Lehmann

Xia

Kulkarni

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

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Fibrosis can occur in any human tissue when the normal wound healing response is amplified. Such amplification results in fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Occurrence of these sequelae in organs such as the eye or lung can result in severe consequences to health. Unfortunately, medical treatment of fibrosis is limited by a lack of safe and effective therapies. These therapies may be developed by identifying agents that inhibit critical steps in fibrotic progression; one such step is myofibroblast differentiation triggered by transforming growth factor-␤1 (TGF␤1). In this study, we demonstrate that TGF␤1-induced myofibroblast differentiation is blocked in human fibroblasts by a candidate endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 2-(1=H-indole-3=-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Our data show that ITE disrupts TGF␤1 signaling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3/4. Although ITE functions as an AhR agonist, and biologically persistent AhR agonists, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, cause severe toxic effects, ITE exhibits no toxicity. Interestingly, ITE effectively inhibits TGF␤1-driven myofibroblast differentiation in AhR ؊/؊ fibroblasts: Its ability to inhibit TGF␤1 signaling is AhR independent. As supported by the results of this study, the small molecule ITE inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and may be useful clinically as an antiscarring agent.

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Myofibroblasts. I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease

Cited by 805 publications

References 219 publications

Antioxidants rescue stressed embryos at a rate comparable with co-culturing of embryos with human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells

Antioxidants rescue stressed embryos at a rate comparable with co-culturing of embryos with human umbilical cord mesenchymal cells

SPARC enhances tumor stroma formation and prevents fibroblast activation

The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand ITE Inhibits TGFβ1-Induced Human Myofibroblast Differentiation

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