Myokine–adipokine cross-talk: potential mechanisms for the association between plasma irisin and adipokines and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children with obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Gonzalez‐Gil, Adrian M.; Peschard-Franco, Mariana; Castillo, Elena C.; Gutierrez-DelBosque, Gustavo; Treviño, Víctor; Silva-Platas, Christian; Pérez-Villarreal, Luisa Fernanda; García‐Rivas, Gerardo; Elizondo‐Montemayor, Leticia

doi:10.1186/s13098-019-0458-2

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Our results showed lower irisin levels in the group with MetS when compared with healthy controls, as well as an inverse association between the irisin concentration and BMI percentile, WC percentile, and weight. In agreement with our findings, decreased serum irisin levels in adults [ 32 ], children, and adolescents [ 37 , 38 , 56 ] have been reported. On the contrary, Jang et al described increased irisin levels in adolescents with MetS [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Delgado

Roffe-Vazquez

Gonzalez‐Gil

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in the pediatric population. Irisin, an adipomyokine, is involved in white adipose tissue browning, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Data on the associations among circulating irisin levels, soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs), and inflammatory cytokines is scarce in children and adolescents with MetS and T2DM. Subjects aged 6-16 years were grouped into T2DM, MetS, and healthy controls. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in the MetS (6.6 [2.8-18.0] ng/mL) and T2DM (6.8 [2.2-23.2] ng/mL) groups compared with controls (30.3 [24.6-57.1] ng/mL). Negative correlations between irisin and the BMI percentile (R=−0.358), WC percentile (R=−0.308), and triglycerides (R=−0.284) were identified, while positive associations with TC (R=0.287), HDL-c (R=0.488), and LDL-c (R=0.414) were observed. Significant negative correlations were found between irisin and sNCAM (R=−0.382), sICAM-2 (R=−0.300), sVCAM-1 (R=−0.292), MCP-1 (R=−0.308), and IFN-α2 (R=−0.406). Of note, lower concentrations of most sCAMs (sICAM-1, sPSGL-1, sP-selectin, sEpCAM, sICAM-2, sALCAM, sPECAM-1, sCD44, sVCAM-1, sICAM-3, sL-selectin, and sNCAM) were shown in T2DM subjects compared with MetS patients. Lower irisin levels induce a lack of inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. In T2DM, higher ROS, AGEs, glucotoxicity, and inflammation trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, which downregulates the sCAM expression as a compensatory mechanism to prevent further vascular damage. In opposition, in subjects with MetS that have not yet developed T2DM and its accompanying stressors, the upregulation of the sCAM expression is ensued.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Delgado

Roffe-Vazquez

Gonzalez‐Gil

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…Apart from its roles in energy storage, the adipose tissue acts as a critical endocrine organ, producing a wide range of cytokines (adipokines) that are pivotal for the regulation of behavior and lipid metabolism [102]. Adipokines include several bioactive molecules released by WAT, such as leptin, adiponectin, angiotensin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [103]. Adipokines are particularly important for determining whether to oxidize glucose and fatty acids or not, thus contributing to lipolysis or the storage of triglycerides as fat [102].…”

Section: Leu and Adipokines/myokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leucine Supplementation: A Novel Strategy for Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Lipid metabolism is an important and complex biochemical process involved in the storage of energy and maintenance of normal biological functions. Leucine, a branched amino acid, has anti-obesity effects on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Leucine also modulates mitochondrial dysfunction, representing a new strategy to target aging, neurodegenerative disease, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Although various studies have been carried out, much uncertainty still exists and further studies are required to fully elucidate the relationship between leucine and lipid metabolism. This review offers an up-to-date report on leucine, as key roles in both lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in vivo and in vitro by acceleration of fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, activation of the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1)–proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) pathway, synthesis, and/or secretion of adipokines and stability of the gut microbiota.

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“…The anti-inflammatory effects of regular PA on adipose tissue can be summarised in some fundamental molecular mechanisms (Pedersen and Febbraio 2008 ; Mathur and Pedersen 2008 ; Flynn and McFarlin 2006 ). The first mechanism can be ascribed to the reduction in fat mass and improvement in body composition, which result in decreased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as TNFα, retinol binding protein 4, resistin and leptin, and in increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as adiponectin and IL-10 (Gonzalez-Gil et al 2019 ; Mujumdar et al 2011 ; Ben Ounis et al 2009 ; Lim et al 2008 ; Metsios et al 2020 ; Nigro et al 2014 ; Orrù et al 2017 ). Importantly, this regulation of adipokine levels depends on PA intensity and duration: chronic and moderate-intensity PA works better that high-intensity exercise in favouring the right balance of adipokine secretion (Görgens et al 2015 ; Lehnig and Stanford 2018 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Physical Exercise On Organs’ Response To Viral Infmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID-19

et al. 2020

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Purpose Physical activity (PA) represents the first line of defence against diseases characterised by increased inflammation status, such as metabolic and infectious diseases. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle-associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders-negatively impacts on general health status, including susceptibility to infections. At a time of a pandemic SARS-CoV2 infection, and in the context of the multiorgan crosstalk (widely accepted as a mechanism participating in the pathophysiology of all organs and systems), we examine the complex interplay mediated by skeletal muscle contraction involving the immune system and how this contributes to control health status and to counteract viral infections. In so doing, we review the molecular mechanisms and expression of molecules modulated by PA, able to provide the proper molecular equipment against viral infections such as the current SARS-CoV2. Methods A critical review of the literature was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and mediators induced by PA that potentially impact on viral infections such as SARS-CoV2. Results We showed the effects mediated by regular moderate PA on viral adverse effects through the regulation of biological processes involving the crosstalk between skeletal muscle, the immune system and adipose tissue. Evidence was provided of the effects mediated by modulation of the expression of inflammation markers. Conclusion A tigth association between PA and reduction in inflammation status allows effective counteracting of SARS-CoV2 infection. It is therefore essential to persuade people to keep active.

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Myokine–adipokine cross-talk: potential mechanisms for the association between plasma irisin and adipokines and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children with obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Cited by 29 publications

References 87 publications

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

Leucine Supplementation: A Novel Strategy for Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis

Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID-19

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