Myokines: a descriptive review

Barbalho, Sandra Maria; Neto, Edmundo V Prado; Goulart, Ricardo de Álvares; Bechara, Marcelo Dib; Chagas, Eduardo Federighi Baisi; Audi, Mauro; Campos, Leila Maria Guissoni; Guiger, Elen Landgraf; Buchaim, Rogério Leone; Buchaim, Daniela Vieira; Araújo, Adriano Cressoni

doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10884-3

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Besides being produced by macrophages ( 35 ), IL-6 is also produced by a variety of different resident cells including keratinocytes, enterocytes, hepatocytes ( 33 ), pneumocytes, and bronchial epithelial cell ( 36 ), smooth muscle cells ( 37 ), skeletal muscle cells ( 38 ), osteoblasts ( 39 ), adipocytes ( 40 ), neurons ( 35 , 41 ). Interestingly IL-6 was also shown to be produced by lung epithelial cells in response to a variety of different stimuli including allergens, respiratory virus and exercise ( 42 – 44 ).…”

Section: The Il-6-cxcl10-macrophages Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SARS-COV-2 virus is responsible for the ongoing devastating pandemic. Since the early phase of the pandemic, the “cytokine-storm” appeared a peculiar aspect of SARS-COV-2 infection which, at least in the severe cases, is responsible for respiratory treat damage and subsequent multi-organ failure. The efforts made in the last few months elucidated that the cytokine-storm results from a complex network involving cytokines/chemokines/infiltrating-immune-cells which orchestrate the aberrant immune response in COVID-19. Clinical and experimental studies aimed at depicting a potential “immune signature” of SARS-COV-2, identified three main “actors,” namely the cytokine IL-6, the chemokine CXCL10 and the infiltrating immune cell type macrophages. Although other cytokines, chemokines and infiltrating immune cells are deeply involved and their role should not be neglected, based on currently available data, IL-6, CXCL10, and infiltrating macrophages could be considered prototype factors representing each component of the immune system. It rapidly became clear that a strong and continuous interplay among the three components of the immune response is mandatory in order to produce a severe clinical course of the disease. Indeed, while IL-6, CXCL10 and macrophages alone would not be able to fully drive the onset and maintenance of the cytokine-storm, the establishment of a IL-6/CXCL10/macrophages axis is crucial in driving the sequence of events characterizing this condition. The present review is specifically aimed at overviewing current evidences provided by both in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the issue of the interplay among IL-6, CXCL10 and macrophages in the onset and progression of cytokine storm. SARS-COV-2 infection and the “cytokine storm.”

show abstract

Section: The Il-6-cxcl10-macrophages Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sarcopenia is a common chronic muscle inflammation in seniors induced by lipotoxicity, in which host microbial imbalance causes the insufficient intake of protein and antioxidant nutrients [1]. The disturbances of protein synthesis and degradation in chronic muscle inflammation result in muscle atrophy and dysfunction [2,3]. Intestinal contents (for example, bacteria, foods, metabolic products) affect the inflammation of metabolic organs through the gut-organ axis [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Functional Metabolite of Clostridium sporogenes, Promotes Muscle Tissue Development and Reduces Muscle Cell Inflammation

Wang

et al. 2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clostridium sporogenes (C. sporogenes), as a potential probiotic, metabolizes tryptophan and produces an anti-inflammatory metabolite, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA). Herein, we studied the effects of C. sporogenes and its bioactive metabolite, IPA, on skeletal muscle development and chronic inflammation in mice. In the in vivo study, the muscle tissues and serum samples of mice with C. sporogenes supplementation were used to analyze the effects of C. sporogenes on muscle metabolism; the IPA content was determined by metabonomics and ELISA. In an in vitro study, C2C12 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or LPS + IPA to verify the effect of IPA on muscle cell inflammation by transcriptome, and the involved mechanism was revealed by different functional assays. We observed that C. sporogenes colonization significantly increased the body weight and muscle weight gain, as well as the myogenic regulatory factors’ (MRFs) expression. In addition, C. sporogenes significantly improved host IPA content and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the muscle tissue of mice. Subsequently, we confirmed that IPA promoted C2C12 cells’ proliferation by activating MRF signaling. IPA also effectively protected against LPS-induced C2C12 cells inflammation by activating Pregnane X Receptor and restoring the inhibited miR-26a-2-3p expression. miR-26a-2-3p serves as a novel muscle inflammation regulatory factor that could directly bind to the 3′-UTR of IL-1β, a key initiator factor in inflammation. The results suggested that C. sporogenes with its functional metabolite IPA not only helps muscle growth development, but also protects against inflammation, partly by the IPA/ miR-26a-2-3p /IL-1β cascade.

show abstract

“…It has been recently noted that myokines produced from skeletal muscles play some physiological and pathophysiological roles in the skeletal system [28,29]. We previously showed that a diabetic state decreases the expression of IGF-1, FGF-2 and irisin in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in muscle wasting induced by a diabetic state in female mice

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Muscle wasting is a complication in patients with diabetes and leads to a reduced quality of life. However, the detailed mechanisms of diabetes-induced muscle wasting remain unknown. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor that suppresses plasminogen activator activity, is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including diabetes. In the present study, we examined the role of endogenous PAI-1 in the decrease in muscle mass and the impaired grip strength induced by the diabetic state by employing streptozotocin (STZ)-treated PAI-1-deficient female mice. The analyses of skeletal muscles and grip strength were performed in PAI-1-deficient and wild-type mice 4 weeks after the induction of a diabetic state by STZ administration. PAI-1 deficiency did not affect muscle mass in the lower limbs measured by quantitative computed tomography or tissue weights of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of female mice with or without STZ treatment. On the other hand, PAI-1 deficiency significantly aggravated grip strength decreased by STZ in female mice. PAI-1 deficiency did not affect the mRNA levels of Pax7, MyoD, myogenin or myosin heavy chain in either the tibialis anterior or soleus muscles of female mice with or without STZ treatment. In conclusion, we revealed for the first time that PAI-1 deficiency aggravates grip strength impaired by the diabetic state in female mice, although it did not affect diabetes-decreased muscle mass.

show abstract

Myokines: a descriptive review

Cited by 43 publications

References 73 publications

Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!

Interleukin-6, CXCL10 and Infiltrating Macrophages in COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm: Not One for All But All for One!

Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Functional Metabolite of Clostridium sporogenes, Promotes Muscle Tissue Development and Reduces Muscle Cell Inflammation

Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in muscle wasting induced by a diabetic state in female mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About