Myokines in obese adolescents with aerobic exercise

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Myokines are synthesized by myocytes and released into the bloodstream in response to muscle fiber contraction. They have a positive effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, muscle mass growth, osteogenesis, increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, counteract inflammation of adipose tissue. The study of their secretion in response to physical activity (FA) can help to personalize the therapy of obesity.AIM: to study the features of the secretion of myokines in children with constitutionally exogenous obesity during physical activity of different duration and intensity and to evaluate their relationship with the parameters of the body composition.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 children (10 boys and 16 girls) were included in the study 15 [13; 16] years old, SDS BMI: +2.91 [2.24; 3.29], with sexual development according to Tanner 4–5. Two groups of 13 people were formed by random distribution. Group I performed FA (walking on a treadmill under the control of heart rate) of different duration: 30 and 60 minutes at the same intensity (less than 3 metabolic equivalents (MET)). Group II — FA of different intensity: low — less than 3 METH and moderate — 3–6 METH with the same duration of 45 minutes. Commercial kits for enzyme immunoassay were used to determine the level of myokines. The assessment of the compositional composition of the body was carried out by bioimpedance analysis (analyzer In Body 770, South Korea) in the morning, on an empty stomach. Statistical processing was carried out using STATISTICA v.12.0 (StatSoftInc., USA). The results are presented in the form of median (Me) and quartiles (Q1; Q3) corresponding to 25 and 75 percentiles. The critical significance level (p) was assumed to be <0.05.RESULTS: moderate intensity FA leads to a maximum increase in the level of myokines: interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 215.7% and decorin by 34.3%, a decrease in the level of irisin by 16.5%. An hour-long low-intensity workout leads to a moderate increase in the level of IL-6 by 80.5%, to a decrease in the level of irisin by 31.1%. Myostatin increases equally both after 60-minute FA and after moderate intensity FA by 30.9% and 31.8%, respectively. Short low-intensity FA (lasting 30 minutes) it is not accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of myokines. The relationship between the amount of muscle (r=0.65), lean (r=0.62), fat-free mass (r=0.64) and the level of decorin after FA was noted. There was no statistically significant relationship between the parameters of the body composition and the levels of IL-6, myostatin, and irisin. There were no gender differences in both basal and stimulated myokine secretion.CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity FA and low intensity 60-minute FA are most effective for obese children. A 30-minute low-intensity FN is insufficient to increase the secretion of myokines by skeletal muscles.

Effect of electrical stimulation of the thigh muscles on the level of interleukin-6 in traumatic injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint

“…Literature sources state that the role of IL-6 is not limited to participation in the acute-phase systemic inflammatory response, but the upregulation of its concentration in the acceptable physiological range contributes to the supply of actively functioning muscles with a set of energy substrates [3,6]. A striking example is the myokine-dependent activation of glycogenolysis in hepatocytes with a parallel increase in the expression of type 4 glucose transporter on hepatocytes and myocytes [9]. There is information about the stimulation of lipolysis processes in adipocytes and the oxidation of free fatty acids by subthreshold concentrations of IL-6, which are utilized by actively functioning myocytes [8].…”

The Association of Adipokines and Myokines in the Blood of Obese Children and Adolescents with Lipoprotein Lipase rs328 Gene Variants

“…Tus, high leptin level promotes lipid catabolism and inhibits lipogenesis [18], and increased apelin lowers lipotoxicity and provides cardio-and neuroprotectivity together with activation of adipocytes proliferation and angiogenesis [19][20][21][22]. In its turn, upregulated irisin limits the energy imbalance in the body, decreases insulin resistance by increasing tissue sensitivity to insulin, promotes β-cell proliferation in the islets of Langerhans, prevents cardiovascular disease progression, inhibits the production of proinfammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, acts as a messenger of metabolic communication between the tissues, and so on [23][24][25][26][27]. In addition, the decreased asprosin level together with leptin predetermines the anorexigenic efect.…”