Myopia—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Mutti, Donald O.; Gwiazda, Jane; Norton, Thomas T.; Smith, Earl L.; Schaeffel, Frank; To, Chi Ho

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000117

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We used commonly available instruments to measure central and peripheral refractions and axial lengths. The results of the measurements by each of these modalities (Figures 2 and 3) were similar to results documented elsewhere 32,33 . We found that the relationship between central and peripheral SE could be well described by a parabola whose steepness changed linearly as a function of central SE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results of the measurements by each of these modalities (Figures 2 and 3) were similar to results documented elsewhere. 32,33 We found that the relationship between central and peripheral SE could be well described by a parabola whose steepness changed linearly as a function of central SE. Our biometric measurements for the curvature and position of the cornea, anterior lens and retina, were sufficiently accurate to construct numerical ray tracing models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Modelling eye lengths and refractions in the periphery

Ramamirtham

Akula

Curran

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To create a simplified model of the eye by which we can specify a key optical characteristic of the crystalline lens, namely its power. Methods Cycloplegic refraction and axial length were obtained in 60 eyes of 30 healthy subjects at eccentricities spanning 40° nasal to 40° temporal and were fitted with a three‐dimensional parabolic model. Keratometric values and geometric distances to the cornea, lens and retina from 45 eyes supplied a numerical ray tracing model. Posterior lens curvature (PLC) was found by optimising the refractive data using a fixed lens equivalent refractive index (neq). Then, neq was found using a fixed PLC. Results Eccentric refractive errors were relatively hyperopic in eyes with central refractions ≤−1.44 D but relatively myopic in emmetropes and hyperopes. Posterior lens power, which cannot be measured directly, was derived from the optimised model lens. There was a weak, negative association between derived PLC and central spherical equivalent refraction. Regardless of refractive error, the posterior retinal curvature remained fixed. Conclusions By combining both on‐ and off‐axis refractions and eye length measurements, this simplified model enabled the specification of posterior lens power and captured off‐axis lenticular characteristics. The broad distribution in off‐axis lens power represents a notable contrast to the relative stability of retinal curvature.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Modelling eye lengths and refractions in the periphery

Ramamirtham

Akula

Curran

et al. 2023

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…There is emerging evidence that uncorrected, peripheral hyperopic defocus may lead to worsening of axial myopia in children who might otherwise have other uncorrected refractive errors alone. 175…”

Section: Rationale For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery Preferred Practice Pattern®

Chuck

Jacobs²,

Lee

et al. 2018

Ophthalmology

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“…Animal experiments have provided details about myopia: hyperopic defocus increases axial elongation, while myopic defocus decreases axial elongation (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Retinal peripheral visual signals, which are basically the sum of regions, can contral central refractive development independent of central visual experience.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

Liao

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

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Myopia—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Modelling eye lengths and refractions in the periphery

Modelling eye lengths and refractions in the periphery

Refractive Errors & Refractive Surgery Preferred Practice Pattern®

A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

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