Myosin heavy chain‐based fibre types in red cell hyper‐ and normovolaemic Standardbred trotters

Karlström, K.; Essén‐Gustavsson, Birgitta

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05433.x

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The results of this study show that fibre type composition of younger and older Swedish cold-blooded trotters is quite similar to that of the Standardbred trotters 12,20,21 . This would have been expected since the cold-blooded trotters train in a similar way and race over the same distances as Standardbred trotters (1640-3140 m).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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Muscle fibre type composition in young and racing Swedish cold-blooded trotters

Karlström

Lindholm²,

Collinder³

et al. 2009

CEP

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Fibre type composition of skeletal muscle in horses varies due to factors like breed, age and training. Variations due to these factors in muscle fibre type composition of the Swedish cold-blooded trotter, a heavier and slower breed than the Standardbred trotter, have not previously been reported. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate muscle fibre type composition of young and racing cold-blooded trotters using both histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Muscle biopsies (gluteus medius) were obtained from 2-year-old (n ¼ 18) and 4-8-year-old horses (n ¼ 6). Four of the 2-year-old horses were sampled again during their 4-yearold season. All of the horses were in professional training and the group included superior racehorses. Fibre types (I, IIA and IIB) were visualized with the myosin ATPase technique. Some samples were also stained immunohistochemically to identify MHCI, MHCIIA and MHCIIX fibres using myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibodies. The oxidative capacity of the fibres was subjectively evaluated from NADH-tetrazolium reductase stains. Type I and type IIA fibres were all identified as MHCI and MHCIIA fibres, respectively, whereas type IIB fibre population included both pure MHCIIX and hybrid MHCIIAX fibres. The older racehorses had a higher proportion of type MHCIIA and a lower proportion of type MHCIIX fibres than the 2-year-old horses. Areas of type I fibres were larger and those of type IIB fibres were smaller in racing horses compared with young horses. The proportion of type MHCIIX fibres that stained medium for oxidative capacity increased with age and training. In conclusion, training and racing induce muscular adaptations in cold-blooded trotters as in other breeds. Furthermore, immunohistochemical methods detect hybrid fibres indicating that transitions of fibre types may occur.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Nowadays this method is often used since a more detailed picture of the muscle and its adaptations to different kinds of stimuli can be obtained [10][11][12][13] . Nowadays this method is often used since a more detailed picture of the muscle and its adaptations to different kinds of stimuli can be obtained [10][11][12][13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle fibre type composition in young and racing Swedish cold-blooded trotters

Karlström

Lindholm²,

Collinder³

et al. 2009

CEP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The difference between gluteus and cremaster muscles can be due to the heterogeneity of cremaster samples (several breeds in comparison to single breed for gluteus samples) or the small number of horses, but it can also be speculated that the distribution of fiber types of the two muscles plays a role. We found that the percentage of IIB fibers in the cremaster muscle was only 6%, whereas in another study the percentage of IIB fibers in the gluteus muscle of Standardbreds was reported to be 40% (Karlström and Essén-Gustavsson, 2002). Moreover, the membrane expression of MCT1 in the gluteus muscle is higher in the oxidative I and IIA muscle fibers than in type IIB fibers (Mykkänen et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Bimodal Distribution Of Mrna Levels In Gluteus Musclementioning

confidence: 86%

Sequence variations and two levels of MCT1 and CD147 expression in red blood cells and gluteus muscle of horses

Koho

Mykkänen

Reeben

et al. 2012

Gene

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“…In situ hybridization with RNA probes specific for each MyHC isoform shows that the majority of fibres express identical mRNA and protein isoform, whereas hybrid fibres present a mismatch between coexpression at the protein rather than the mRNA level 40,41 . Thus, although requiring a more complex analysis, immunohistochemistry provides more specific and accurate information regarding MyHC isoform(s) in equine muscle than traditional histochemical analysis 8, 25,43 . Further, no cDNAs encoding the IIB gene have been identified in horses 40,42 .…”

Section: Contractile Properties Of Muscle Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These may be red cell hypervolaemic horses which, compared with normovolaemic horses, have a higher oxidative capacity in type II fibres, a lower capillary supply 43,124,125 and a lower percentage of the type IIX isoform 43 . These may be red cell hypervolaemic horses which, compared with normovolaemic horses, have a higher oxidative capacity in type II fibres, a lower capillary supply 43,124,125 and a lower percentage of the type IIX isoform 43 .…”

Section: Muscle Responses To Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle energetics in exercising horses

Votion

Navet

Lacombe

et al. 2007

Equine Comp. Exerc. Physiol.

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An optimally functional musculoskeletal system is crucial for athletic performance and even minor perturbations can limit athletic ability. The introduction of the muscle biopsy technique in the 1970s created a window of opportunity to examine the form and function of equine skeletal muscle. Muscle histochemical and biochemical analyses have allowed characterization of the properties of equine muscle fibres and their influence on, and adaptation to, physical exertion. Analyses of exercise responses during standardized treadmill exercise and field studies have illustrated the role of cellular energetics in determining athletic suitability for specific disciplines, mechanisms of fatigue, adaptations to training and the affect of diet on metabolic responses. This article provides a review of the tools available to study muscle energetics in the horse, discusses the muscular metabolic pathways and summarizes the energetics of exercise.qualitative assessment of the effects of exercise, training and dietary manipulation on substrate metabolism at the level of the muscle and the whole body. Muscle biopsy techniqueThe percutaneous needle muscle biopsy technique was introduced to equine research by Lindholm and Piehl 4 as well as by Snow and Guy 5 . Since that time, it has proved to be an invaluable tool in defining the histological, histochemical and biochemical properties of equine skeletal muscle. Standardization of the site of the muscle biopsy is imperative because equine skeletal muscles have a heterogeneous distribution of muscle fibre types within the muscle 6 . Deeper regions within locomotory muscles have contractile and metabolic characteristics similar to those of postural muscles 7-9 . In addition, fibre types vary among different muscles in the same horses as well as across horses and breeds [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . The selection of the specific muscle to biopsy therefore is of critical importance and will depend on its propulsive or postural role. Many studies of equine athletes utilize the gluteus medius muscle or the semitendinosus muscle because of its importance in locomotion and demonstrated metabolic adaptations to exercise and training [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] . Other investigators have also used the triceps brachii, along with the masseter 26 (as a non-exercise muscle control sample site).When sampling site and depth are consistent and potentially involve several sites 21,23,24,27 , repeatable results are obtained 28 . Muscle biopsy has provided a wealth of information regarding the histochemical, biochemical and metabolic properties of various muscles within the same horse 9,29,30 , between horses 11 and breeds 15,21 as well as responses to exercise 25,31,32 . A detailed review of the technique for performing percutaneous needle muscle biopsy and sample preparation can be obtained elsewhere [3][4][5]21,22,33 .

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Myosin heavy chain‐based fibre types in red cell hyper‐ and normovolaemic Standardbred trotters

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Muscle fibre type composition in young and racing Swedish cold-blooded trotters

Muscle fibre type composition in young and racing Swedish cold-blooded trotters

Sequence variations and two levels of MCT1 and CD147 expression in red blood cells and gluteus muscle of horses

Muscle energetics in exercising horses

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