Myricetin attenuates neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in Parkinsonism

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease due to dopaminergic neuron degeneration. It mostly affects the aged population, leads to memory decline and loss of motor coordination. The present study investigates the neuroprotective role of myricetin a flavonol isolated from the brown seaweed in rotenone induced model of PD. Rotenone administration led to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, dopamine depletion, impaired muscular coordination, gait disturbances, memory decline oxidative stress and apoptosis. Ingestion of myricetin by significantly prevented rotenone induced neuronal degeneration. These results confirm that myricetin exerts neuroprotective effect in experimental PD.

Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications

“…The myricetin isolated from Turbinaria ornata demonstrated attenuating the effect of rotenone-induced neuronal degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. This result demonstrates that this flavonoid can have a positive impact on Parkinson's disease in the muscular coordination and memory of the fly model used [260].…”

Unraveling Targetable Systemic and Cell-Type-Specific Molecular Phenotypes of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Brains With Digital Cytometry

“…However, given that our PD analyses were performed only in male samples, our results could suggest a sex-specific mode of action of tamoxifen in PD. Additionally, myricetin has neuroprotective effects in different PD Drosophila and rat models (Dhanraj et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2018). To our knowledge, other drugs such as genipin and praziquantel have not yet been related to PD and could be interesting to further explore for repurposing in that context.…”

Merging the Multi-Target Effects of Phytochemicals in Neurodegeneration: From Oxidative Stress to Protein Aggregation and Inflammation

“…In the last decades, the search for an effective and potentially safe strategy to combat oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage has increasingly prompted the investigation of naturally occurring compounds as antioxidant agents. The attenuation of oxidative stress by bioactive compounds belonging to different classes of phytochemicals including (i) flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, scutellarin, baicalin, apigenin, catechins, epigallocatechin, and genistein) [ 52 , 61 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 88 , 94 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 ]; (ii) phenolic acids (syringic, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic and salvianolic acids, and curcumin) [ 70 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ]; (iii) flavonolignans (silymarin) [ 96 ]; (iv) stilbenes (resveratrol) [ 59 , 65 , 97 , 98 , 144 ]; (v) terpenes (bacosides/bacopasides, withanolides, and the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin) [ 7 , 110 , 113 , 115 , 145 , 146 , 147 ]; (vi) alkaloids (berberine and caffeine) [ 148 , 149 ]; (vii) glucosinolates (sulforaphane) and polyamines (spermine/spermidine) [ 123 , 124 ,…”

“…Roughly, the antioxidant mechanisms of phytochemicals consist of (1) promoting ROS scavenging and the suppression of intracellular ROS accumulation [ 82 , 130 , 136 , 137 , 145 ]; and/or (2) potentiation of antioxidant defense mechanisms [ 83 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 138 , 140 , 144 ]. A common molecular mechanism through which these natural compounds boost antioxidant defenses consists of activating the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE), which induces the expression of various ROS-dissipating and antioxidant enzymes [ 83 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 138 , 140 , 143 , 144 , 148 ]. These include heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), as well as γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (GCS), which promotes the synthesis of endogenous glutathione (GSH), as well as GSH synthetase (GSS), GSH reductase (GSR), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), thioredoxin (THx), and cysteine-glutamate exchanger, the subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL).…”

“…Moreover, some phytochemicals, such as quercetin, have been shown to induce paraoxonase 2 (PNO2), a ubiquitously expressed enzyme in the human brain, which is associated with neuroprotection and the suppression of oxidative stress owing to its strategic placement within mitochondria [ 76 , 151 ]. Phytochemicals also prevent ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation, which is known to exacerbate oxidative stress through lipid-derived radicals [ 81 , 132 , 134 , 137 , 140 , 145 ]. This is documented in various experimental models of neurodegeneration and neurotoxicity, where different phytochemicals can prevent the generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxynonenal (HNE), the final products of peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids [ 81 , 132 , 134 , 137 , 140 , 144 , 145 ].…”