Myxobacterial secondary metabolites: bioactivities and modes-of-action

Weissman, Kira J.; Müller, Rolf

doi:10.1039/c001260m

Cited by 284 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(175 reference statements)

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“…Most notably, under unfavourable nutrient conditions, many myxobacteria can aggregate to dense mushroom-like cell colonies and produce fruiting bodies and spores (Shimkets, 1990;Shimkets et al, 2006). In this complex, densitydependent life style, signalling compounds have a key role (Goldman et al, 2006), and myxobacteria are well known for the production of various secondary metabolites and thus are prime targets for the search of new secondary metabolites (Gerth et al, 2003;Wenzel and Mü ller, 2007;Weissman and Mü ller, 2010). They contain the largest genomes of all prokaryotes and the genome of Sorangium cellulosum, with 413 Mbp as the largest bacterial genome sequenced to date (Schneiker et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and phylogenetic diversity of a cluster of exclusively marine myxobacteria

et al. 2011

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Myxobacteria are common in terrestrial habitats and well known for their formation of fruiting bodies and production of secondary metabolites. We studied a cluster of myxobacteria consisting only of sequences of marine origin (marine myxobacteria cluster, MMC) in sediments of the North Sea. Using a specific PCR, MMC sequences were detected in North Sea sediments down to 2.2 m depth, but not in the limnetic section of the Weser estuary and other freshwater habitats. In the water column, this cluster was only detected on aggregates up to a few meters above the sediment surface, but never in the fraction of free-living bacteria. A quantitative real-time PCR approach revealed that the MMC constituted up to 13% of total bacterial 16S rRNA genes in surface sediments of the North Sea. In a global survey, including sediments from the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean and various climatic regions, the MMC was detected in most samples and to a water depth of 4300 m. Two fosmids of a library from sediment of the southern North Sea containing 16S rRNA genes affiliated with the MMC were sequenced. Both fosmids have a single unlinked 16S rRNA gene and no complete rRNA operon as found in most bacteria. No synteny to other myxobacterial genomes was found. The highest numbers of orthologues for both fosmids were assigned to Sorangium cellulosum and Haliangium ochraceum. Our results show that the MMC is an important and widely distributed but largely unknown component of marine sedimentassociated bacterial communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and phylogenetic diversity of a cluster of exclusively marine myxobacteria

et al. 2011

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“…Therefore myxobacteria play in the same league as actinobacteria and fungi as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. 6 During our ongoing in-house screening for bioactive metabolites from myxo-and other gliding bacteria, especially new families, genera and even species turned out to be reliable sources for new types of secondary metabolites. [7][8][9] The genus Aggregicoccus belongs to the family Myxococcaceae, suborder Cystobacterineae and was up to date completely unexplored regarding the production of secondary metabolites.…”

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Edonamides, the first secondary metabolites from the recently described myxobacterium Aggregicoccus edonensis

Karwehl

Mohr

Jansen

et al. 2015

Tetrahedron Letters

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“…There is, however, a paucity of such controllable expression systems in the Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus, a model prokaryotic system used to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in multicellular development (23), in coordinated cell movements (24,32,49), and in social behavior (44). M. xanthus is also used to study cellular responses to external signals such as light and their regulation at the level of signal transduction and gene expression (5)(6)(7) and is a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites (45). Most gene function analyses in M. xanthus have relied upon tools such as transposon insertions of transcriptional reporters (25), nonpolar in-frame gene deletions (46), and constitutive overexpression of genes (29,34,47).…”

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Two Systems for Conditional Gene Expression in Myxococcus xanthus Inducible by Isopropyl-β- d -Thiogalactopyranoside or Vanillate

et al. 2012

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Conditional expression of a gene is a powerful tool to study its function and is typically achieved by placing the gene under the control of an inducible promoter. There is, however, a dearth of such inducible systems in Myxococcus xanthus, a well-studied prokaryotic model for multicellular development, cell differentiation, motility, and light response and a promising source of secondary metabolites. The few available systems have limitations, and exogenously based ones are unavailable. Here, we describe two new, versatile inducible systems for conditional expression of genes in M. xanthus. One employs isopropyl-␤-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) as an inducer and is inspired by those successfully applied in some other bacteria. The other requires vanillate as an inducer and is based on the system developed originally for Caulobacter crescentus and recently adapted for mammalian cells. Both systems are robust, with essentially no expression in the absence of an inducer. Depending on the inducer and the amounts added, expression levels can be modulated such that either system can conditionally express genes, including ones that are essential and are required at high levels such as ftsZ. The two systems operate during vegetative growth as well as during M. xanthus development. Moreover, they can be used to simultaneously induce expression of distinct genes within the same cell. The conditional expression systems we describe substantially expand the genetic tool kit available for studying M. xanthus gene function and cellular biology.

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Myxobacterial secondary metabolites: bioactivities and modes-of-action

Cited by 284 publications

References 199 publications

Biogeography and phylogenetic diversity of a cluster of exclusively marine myxobacteria

Biogeography and phylogenetic diversity of a cluster of exclusively marine myxobacteria

Edonamides, the first secondary metabolites from the recently described myxobacterium Aggregicoccus edonensis

Two Systems for Conditional Gene Expression in Myxococcus xanthus Inducible by Isopropyl-β- d -Thiogalactopyranoside or Vanillate

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