N-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency Induced by a Modified Artificial Rearing Method Leads to Poorer Performance in Spatial Learning Tasks

Lim, Seongyop; Hoshiba, Junji; Moriguchi, Takahiko; Salem, Norman

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000180547.46725.cc

Cited by 84 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In addition, Tanabe et al (67) reported that Fos-positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 increase in DHA-administered rats, and these rats showed improvement of spatial cognition. On the contrary, adult rodents with n-3 PUFA-deficient diet showed not only a decrease in the brain DHA content ranging 50% -80%, but also varieties of impaired responses in behavioral tests such as the brightness discrimination test (68), water maze test (66,69), and shock avoidance test (70). Moreover, the recovery of brain DHA level restored the spatial learning performance (71).…”

Section: Pufa and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective and Ameliorative Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Neuronal Diseases: Implication of Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins (FABP) and G Protein–Coupled Receptor 40 (GPR40) in Adult Neurogenesis

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain is well-known to occur in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. As the hippocampus is related to learning, memory, and emotions, adult hippocampal neurogenesis possibly contributes to these functions. Adult neurogenesis is modulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids that are essential for normal brain development, maintenance, and function. They are reported to improve spatial learning and memory in rodents and cognitive functions in humans. However, detailed mechanisms of PUFA effects still remain obscure. PUFA are functionally linked with chaperons called fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP). FABP uptake and transport PUFA to different intracellular organelles. Intriguingly, PUFA were determined as ligands for G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), a cell membrane receptor abundantly expressed in the brain and the pancreas of primates. While the role of GPR40 in pancreatic β-cells is associated with insulin secretion, its role in the brain is not yet clarified presumably because of its absence in the rodent brain. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of PUFA in adult neurogenesis, considering the role of GPR40 and FABP in the hippocampal neurogenic niche. Here, the authors would like to introduce a PUFA-GPR40 signaling pathway that is specific for the primate brain.

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Section: Pufa and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective and Ameliorative Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Neuronal Diseases: Implication of Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins (FABP) and G Protein–Coupled Receptor 40 (GPR40) in Adult Neurogenesis

et al. 2011

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“…Although many of these products are marketed to and consumed by children, the majority of research investigating the effects of n-3 PUFA on growth has focused on visual acuity and neurodevelopment [2][3][4]. In contrast, the potential benefits of these fatty acids on bone outcomes from the early stages of the life cycle through infancy and adulthood is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

et al. 2013

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Incorporating n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet may promote the development of a healthy skeleton and thereby reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis in later life. Studies using developing animal models suggest lowering dietary n-6 PUFA and increasing n-3 PUFA intakes, especially long chain n-3 PUFA, may be beneficial for achieving higher bone mineral content, density and stronger bones. To date, the evidence regarding the effects of α-linolenic acid (ALA) remain equivocal, in contrast to evidence from the longer chain products, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This review reports the results of investigations into n-3 PUFA supplementation on bone fatty acid composition, strength and mineral content in developing animal models as well as the mechanistic relationships of PUFA and bone, and identifies critical areas for future research. Overall, this review supports a probable role for essential (ALA) and long chain (EPA and DHA) n-3 PUFA for bone health. Understanding the role of PUFA in optimizing bone health may lead to dietary strategies that promote bone development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton.

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“…Prolonged dietary deprivation of all n-3 PUFAs in rat pups, initiated prior to weaning, depletes up to 80% of their brain DHA (10-12). Such depletion of brain DHA in rodents leads to distinct impairments in brain function (11,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Piglets and monkeys also show impaired neural function when deprived of n-3 PUFA for an extended period during infancy (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats

DeMar

DiMartino

Baca

et al. 2008

Journal of Lipid Research

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a crucial nervous system n-3 PUFA, may be obtained in the diet or synthesized in vivo from dietary a-linolenic acid (LNA). We addressed whether DHA synthesis is regulated by the availability of dietary DHA in artificially reared rat pups, during p8 to p28 development. Over 20 days, one group of rat pups was continuously fed deuterium-labeled LNA (d5-LNA) and no other n-3 PUFA (d5-LNA diet), and a second group of rat pups was fed a d5-LNA diet with unlabeled DHA (d5-LNA 1 DHA diet). The rat pups were then euthanized, and the total amount of deuterium-labeled docosahexaenoic acid (d5-DHA) (synthesized DHA) as well as other n-3 fatty acids present in various body tissues, was quantified. In the d5-LNA 1 DHA group, the presence of dietary DHA led to a marked decrease (3-to 5-fold) in the total amount of d5-DHA that accumulated in all tissues that we examined, except in adipose. Overall, DHA accretion from d5-DHA was generally diminished by availability of dietary preformed DHA, inasmuch as this was found to be the predominant source of tissue DHA. When preformed DHA was unavailable, d5-DHA and unlabeled DHA were preferentially accreted in some tissues along with a net loss of unlabeled DHA from other organs.-DeMar, Jr., J. C., C. DiMartino, A. W. Baca, W. Lefkowitz, and N. Salem, Jr. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats. J. Lipid Res. 2008Res. . 49: 1963Res. -1980 Supplementary key words essential fatty acids • lipid metabolism • early development • infant formula composition Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) is an n-3 PUFA that is particularly enriched in the phospholipids of cells constituting the mammalian nervous system (1, 2). Functionally, DHA enhances membrane elasticity and molecular motion and thus promotes signal transduction via enhanced protein/receptor interactions (3-6). DHA is also the activating ligand for multiple transcriptional factors that control the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis and b-oxidation (7). DHA may be directly obtained in the diet, as preformed DHA, or synthesized in vivo from other common dietary n-3 PUFAs such as a-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), or docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) (8). All of these n-3 PUFAs may be converted in vivo to DHA through sequential steps of elongation, desaturation, and peroxisomal b-oxidation (9). Prolonged dietary deprivation of all n-3 PUFAs in rat pups, initiated prior to weaning, depletes up to 80% of their brain DHA (10-12). Such depletion of brain DHA in rodents leads to distinct impairments in brain function (11,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Piglets and monkeys also show impaired neural function when deprived of n-3 PUFA for an extended period during infancy (18,19). The essentiality of DHA for human infant nutrition in support of neuronal function has been shown by DHA supplementation, enhancing visual acuity and cognition-related test scores in human infants (20)(21)(2...

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N-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency Induced by a Modified Artificial Rearing Method Leads to Poorer Performance in Spatial Learning Tasks

Cited by 84 publications

References 66 publications

Neuroprotective and Ameliorative Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Neuronal Diseases: Implication of Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins (FABP) and G Protein–Coupled Receptor 40 (GPR40) in Adult Neurogenesis

Neuroprotective and Ameliorative Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Against Neuronal Diseases: Implication of Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins (FABP) and G Protein–Coupled Receptor 40 (GPR40) in Adult Neurogenesis

Investigating the Role of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bone Development Using Animal Models

Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from alpha-linolenic acid in young rats

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