n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during cancer chemotherapy

Morland, Sarah Louise; Martins, Karen J. B.; Mazurak, Vera C.

doi:10.1016/j.jnim.2016.05.001

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Nevertheless, there is no evidence that fish oil supplementation is associated with worse outcomes in humans; it is important to point out that the current TMN, rich in n-3 PUFAs, did not lead to any impairments in response to chemotherapy in this clinical trial, in terms of the proportion of patients with a complete or partial response and mean reduction in tumor size. Together with previous studies (12,40), these findings illustrate the potential limitations of extrapolating animal-derived data to the clinic. Moreover, the tolerability results in this study could point towards improved chemotherapy tolerability with this TMN, as measured by numerically fewer patients experiencing AEs, developing dose-limiting toxicity, and requiring dose reductions in the TMN vs. the comparator group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…In one randomized controlled trial, 2 g of fish oil daily reduced the risk of neutropenia in patients with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy (39). Several other recent clinical trials focusing on n-3 PUFA supplementation have shown improved responses to chemotherapy, for example in terms of tumor response rate, number of treatment cycles received, and 1-year survival (12,40). It is, however, noteworthy that one study in mice suggested that n-3 PUFAs could be associated with resistance to chemotherapy (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety and Tolerability of Targeted Medical Nutrition for Cachexia in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial

Laviano

Calder

Schols

et al. 2019

Nutrition and Cancer

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Background: This pilot, double-blind, comparator-controlled trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of an oral targeted medical nutrition (TMN) supplement for the management of cachexia in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for NSCLC with weight loss or low BMI were randomized 1:1 to receive juice-based TMN ($200 kcal; 10 g whey protein; !2.0 g eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid in fish oil; and 10 lg 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3) or a milk-based isocaloric comparator twice daily for 12 weeks (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02515032). Primary endpoints included number/type of adverse events and changes in vital signs/laboratory parameters. Secondary endpoints included measures of clinical relevance. Survival was an exploratory endpoint. Results: The TMN group (n ¼ 26; mean 64.4 years) experienced fewer adverse events (64 vs. 87) than the comparator group (n ¼ 29; mean 66.0 years), including fewer cases of neutropenia (0 vs. 4). Compliance was slightly lower in the TMN (58.5%) vs. comparator group (73.6%). There were no statistically significant between-group differences in efficacy endpoints. Fewer (4 vs. 10) patients who received TMN than comparator had died by 1-year post baseline. Conclusions: TMN was well tolerated. Trends for improved clinical outcomes with TMN identified in this study warrant further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Tolerability of Targeted Medical Nutrition for Cachexia in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial

Laviano

Calder

Schols

et al. 2019

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…Furthermore, the available evidence in this matter is insufficient, as most preclinical studies analyzed the direct effects of selected n-3 PUFAs on cancer cells in vitro, rather than in vivo [10]. Some evidence suggests that potential therapeutic effects of n-3 PUFAs, if any, may depend on their dose, concomitant chemotherapy and its regimen [11]. Moreover, still little is known about lipid and FA composition in CRC cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Triacylglycerol Content and Elevated Contents of Cell Membrane Lipids in Colorectal Cancer Tissue: A Lipidomic Study

Mika

Pakiet

Czumaj

et al. 2020

JCM

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Recent evidence suggests that lipid composition in cancer tissues may undergo multiple alterations. However, no comprehensive analysis of various lipid groups in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue has been conducted thus far. To address the problem in question, we determined the contents of triacylglycerols (TG), an energetic substrate, various lipids necessary for cell membrane formation, among them phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine), sphingolipids (sphingomyelin) and cholesterol (free, esterified and total), and fatty acids included in complex lipids. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyze the lipid composition of colon cancer tissue and normal large intestinal mucosa from 25 patients. Compared with normal tissue, cancer tissues had significantly lower TG content, along with elevated levels of phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. Moreover, the content of oleic acid, the main component of TG, was decreased in cancer tissues, whereas the levels of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are principal components of polar lipids, were elevated. These lipidome rearrangements were associated with the overexpression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation, and the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol. These findings suggest that reprogramming of lipid metabolism might occur in CRC tissue, with a shift towards increased utilization of TG for energy production and enhanced synthesis of membrane lipids, necessary for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.

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“…Several experimental studies using a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor types have reported a greater efficacy of chemotherapy with the addition of omega-3 PUFA (9,10). EPA and DHA have been shown to increase tumor sensitivity to irinotecan therapy and protect non-target tissues (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic Acid Monoglyceride Increases Carboplatin Activity in Lung Cancer Models by Targeting EGFR

Morin¹,

Fortin

2017

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Abstract. Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in North America with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for over 75 % of lung cancer patients (1). Studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) display chemopreventive and therapeutic potential against lung cancer (2). Dietary intake of PUFAs is associated with a lower risk of developing cancer (3, 4), and inhibits both the growth and metastasis of animal tumors and xenografts (2-4).

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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during cancer chemotherapy

Cited by 46 publications

References 74 publications

Safety and Tolerability of Targeted Medical Nutrition for Cachexia in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial

Safety and Tolerability of Targeted Medical Nutrition for Cachexia in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Pilot Trial

Decreased Triacylglycerol Content and Elevated Contents of Cell Membrane Lipids in Colorectal Cancer Tissue: A Lipidomic Study

Docosahexaenoic Acid Monoglyceride Increases Carboplatin Activity in Lung Cancer Models by Targeting EGFR

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