“…Consequently, this raises the issue of whether the presently observed attenuating effects of NGB 2904 in these three behavioral paradigms might be attributable to D 1 or D 2 receptor-selective antagonism rather than to D 3 receptor-selective antagonism. We believe that is unlikely, because (1) multiple lines of in vitro evidence indicate that NGB 2904 is a highly selective D 3 receptor antagonist (Yuan et al, 1998;Robarge et al, 2001;Newman et al, 2003Newman et al, , 2005; see Introduction); (2) in the BSR paradigm, D 1 -and D 2 -preferring DA receptor antagonists inhibit brain reward functions, in a manner opposite to the brain reward enhancement produced by addictive drugs (Stein and Ray, 1960;Stein, 1962;Wise, 1982;Panagis and Spyraki, 1996;Gardner, 2005), while selective blockade of DA D 3 receptors by either NGB 2904 or SB-277011A does not alter electrical brain reward thresholds (Vorel et al, 2002;Campos et al, 2003Campos et al, , 2004; and finally (3) NGB 2904 does not significantly alter locomotor activity at the dose range tested in the present study (Newman et al, 2005), again unlike D 1 or D 2 receptor antagonists.…”