N 8322 gas plasma inactivates influenza virus mediated by oxidative stress

Abstract

Here we show that N₂ gas plasma, produced by applying a short high-voltage pulse using a static induction (SI) thyristor power supply inactivates influenza virus. N₂ gas plasma treatment of influenza A and B viruses induced the degradation of viral proteins, including nucleoprotein, hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase. The injury of viral RNA genome and the inactivation of hemagglutination were also observed after N₂ gas plasma treatment. These changes were possibly due to changes in the viral envelope, because modification of the lipid content was also suggested by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. At least three major mechanisms of action (heat, UV-A, and oxidative stress (i.e. hydrogen peroxide-like molecules)) were found in this system. Among them, oxidative stress appeared to be the main factor in the inactivation of influenza virus. In addition, there was an increase in the nitrotyrosine content of viral proteins, suggesting that oxidative stress produced by N₂ gas plasma generation oxidized proteins. As a result, oxidation may be the most important factor in the inactivation, degradation, and modification of influenza virus by N₂ gas plasma.

Nitrogen gas plasma treatment of bacterial spores induces oxidative stress that damages the genomic DNA

“…However, the mechanisms of action of gas plasma on microorganisms remain to be elucidated. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment of microorganisms with nitrogen gas plasma may induce changes in their lipids (5), proteins (7) and carbohydrates (8). These findings suggest that the changes induced by sterilizing factors produced during the generation of nitrogen gas plasma may contribute to the inactivation of microorganisms.…”

“…Recently, a nitrogen gas plasma instrument (BLP-TES), which generates nitrogen gas plasma using a fast high-voltage pulse from a static induction (SI) thyristor power supply was developed (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Our previous studies (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) have demonstrated that nitrogen gas plasma can be utilized to inactivate various microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of action of gas plasma on microorganisms remain to be elucidated.…”

Efficiency of Atmospheric Pressure Nitrogen Gas Remote Plasma Sterilization and the Clarification of Sterilization Major Factors

“…The determination wavelength was 200-650 nm, grating was 600 lines/mm, entrance slit width was 10 μm, exposure time was 100 ms and analyses were repeated 5 times. Production of one type of ROS, H 2 O 2 , has been reported by nitrogen gas plasma sterilization [16][17][18] , so we measured H 2 O 2 by using a chemical indicator (CI). The CI for H 2 O 2 analysis was from Quantofix Peroxide 25 (MACHEREY-NAGEL Ltd.) and the analysis range was 0-25 µg/mL.…”

Degradation and inactivation of Shiga toxins by nitrogen gas plasma

“…Bacterial spores, vegetative bacteria, and viruses are all inactivated by the nitrogen gas plasma (Sakudo et al 2014; Maeda et al 2015). Several factors contribute to the thermal and non-thermal mechanism of inactivation, such as heat, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and reactive chemical species generated during operation of the nitrogen gas plasma device.…”