Rodger seem to suggest that tort law is distinctively suited to protection of con-£icting rights and interests.Finally, if self-defence is now raised in the context of a civil claim, the interpretation of reasonable belief described above may turn the spotlight on to the conduct of the pre-operation brie¢ng in the context of an inquiry into unlawfulness. In a sense, this re£ects the many dimensions of vicarious liability. In this case, notwithstanding issues of personal responsibility, the individual o⁄cer's actions are embedded in and in£uenced by the enterprise and culture of the 'employer', and shaped by the resources applied to his preparation. In the trespass claim, this may ¢nd its expression in the course of an inquiry into self-defence and, therefore, into the individual o⁄cer's state of mind and the processes that in£uenced it.International Co-operation in Cross-Border Insolvency:HIH InsuranceJohnTownsend nThe House of Lords decision in HIH Insurance raised important questions about the pari passu principle of distribution in cross-border insolvency. This comment examines the case in light of academic debate, arguing that Lord Ho¡mann's application of the principle of (modi¢ed) universalism achieved distributive justice amongst HIH group creditors.