N-acetyl-glutamic acid: Evaluation of acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity

Harper, Marc S.; Shen, Zhao; Barnett, John; Krsmanovic, Ljubica; Myhre, A.; Delaney, Bryan

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.07.036

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a feed additive was developed by the China National Feed Engineering Research Center in 2014 and approved by China Ministry of Agriculture, and works as a promoter for arginine production, polyamines and metabolism regulation (Morris, 2009), growth and maintenance of animals , NCG also a lower degree of rumen degradation compared with Arginine (Chacher et al 2012), thus, it will reach small intestine and meets the needs of maintenance and production to host animal (Sampaio et al 2009). Research has also proven that the physiological functions of NCG are non-toxic and free side effects (Harper et al 2009), new and low-cost additives instead of arginine, without catabolism by digestive enzymes or cause any nutritional complications against other amino acids, especially Lysine, Tryptophan and Histidine (Wu et al, 2004ab, 2007, increasing gain of fetuses (Liu et al 2012;Zhang et al, 2014), promoting growth and improving reproductive performance in different species of animals including sheep (Zhang et al, 2016), Cows , goats (Wang et al, 2019) and poultry (Hu et al, 2019). The use of urea in ruminant feeding can reduce dependence on ingredients or protein concentrates (Holder et al 2015;Medeiros et al 2018), improve the nutritional value of roughages (Cardoso et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives N-Carbamylglutamate With Urea on Feed Intake and Daily Gain of Awassi Lambs

Mahdi¹,

Tawfeeq²,

Al-Shanoon³

2021

PLANT ARCHIVES

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This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of four levels of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), 0, 2, 4 and 6 g /day /animal with or without 1% urea on feed intake, daily and total gain. The experiment was conducted in animal field of the holy Abbasid shrine in Karbala from 10/14/2019 to 12/24/2019, experiment period was 70 days preceded by an adaptation period of 10 days, 32 female Awassi lambs aged 3-4 months were used with initial weight 23.725 ± 0.478 kg divided into two groups, each group has four treatments, first one fed four levels of NCG, 0, 2, 4 and 6 g / day without urea, while the second group was fed NCG, 0, 2, 4 and 6g/ day with 1% urea. Two-factor experiment (2 × 4) Completely Randomized Design was used for experimental treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8. Results of adding NCG with or without replacing soybean meal with urea showed no significant differences in dry matter intake of roughage and concentrated feed, as well as, initial and final weight of the experimental animals (kg), in-vitro and in-vivo digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nutrients (%). There were superiority of NCG treatments for feed efficiency compared to control, 12.63, 9.07, 8.66 and 8.81 for NCG treatments 0, 2, 4 and 6 g / day, respectively, and the efficiency of energy to daily gain, 0.42, 0.29, 0.27 and 0.27, respectively, and efficiency of crude protein intake /daily gain, 0.49, 0.33, 0.31 and 0.31 respectively, as well as the daily weight gain 90.89, 128.39, 132.5 and 131.07 (g /day) and total weight gain, 6.36, 8.99, 9.28 and 9.18 (kg) for NCG respectively. It can be concluded that urea can be substituted instead of soybean meal with addition NCG without negative effects on animal, as well as increasing feed efficiency, increasing daily gains and total weights, and improving the productive characteristics of Awassi lambs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives N-Carbamylglutamate With Urea on Feed Intake and Daily Gain of Awassi Lambs

Mahdi¹,

Tawfeeq²,

Al-Shanoon³

2021

PLANT ARCHIVES

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“…Acetyl cysteine and acetyl glutamic acid were negative in in vivo mouse studies. 16,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39]…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of Amino Acid Alkyl Amides as Used in Cosmetics

Burnett¹,

Heldreth²,

Bergfeld³

et al. 2017

Int J Toxicol

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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the product use, formulation, and safety data of 115 amino acid alkyl amides, which function as skin and hair conditioning agents and as surfactants-cleansing agents in personal care products. Safety test data on dermal irritation and sensitization for the ingredients with the highest use concentrations, lauroyl lysine and sodium lauroyl glutamate, were reviewed and determined to adequately support the safe use of the ingredients in this report. The Panel concluded that amino acid alkyl amides are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be nonirritating.

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“…Like NAG, NCG can activate CPS1 and lead the conversion of blood ammonia into the mitochondrial carbamoyl-phosphate, further stimulating the endogenous synthesis of arginine. Due to its good stability and safety [2,3], NCG was initially used for the clinical treating of hyperammonemia caused by the NAG synthetase deficiency [4,5], propionic aciduria and methylmalonic aciduria [6,7], and maple syrup urine disease [8]. NCG is also proven to be a novel, effective and low-cost substitute feed additive for arginine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the physiological functions of NCG have been well elucidated, and NCG has long been shown to be non-toxic and free of side effects [2], its metabolic process in animals remains unclear. With the promising use of NCG in the livestock, it is necessary to develop an accurate measurement method for NCG in the feed and animal products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of N-Carbamylglutamate in Feeds and Animal Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Zeng

Kong

et al. 2019

Molecules

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N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), a synthetic analogue of N-acetylglutamate, is an activator of blood ammonia conversion and endogenous arginine synthesis. Here, we established an accurate quantitative determination of NCG in feeds, animal tissues, and body fluids using the high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The sample pretreatment procedures included extraction with 0.5% of formic acid in water/methanol (80/20, v/v), and purification using an anionic solid phase extraction cartridge. Satisfactory separation of NCG was achieved in 20 min with the application of an Atlantis T3 column, and a confirmative detection of NCG was ensured by multiple reaction monitoring of positive ions. NCG spiked in feeds, tissues, and body fluids were evaluated in regard to linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and repeatability. Recoveries for different sample matrices were in the range of 88.12% to 110.21% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.8%. Limits of quantification were within the range of 0.012 to 0.073 mg kg−1 and 0.047 to 0.077 μg mL−1 for solid and liquid samples, respectively. This study will provide a solid foundation for the evaluation of availability and metabolic mechanism of NCG in animals.

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N-acetyl-glutamic acid: Evaluation of acute and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Additives N-Carbamylglutamate With Urea on Feed Intake and Daily Gain of Awassi Lambs

Effect of Additives N-Carbamylglutamate With Urea on Feed Intake and Daily Gain of Awassi Lambs

Safety Assessment of Amino Acid Alkyl Amides as Used in Cosmetics

Determination of N-Carbamylglutamate in Feeds and Animal Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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