N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase activity in the cortical granules of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> eggs

Greve, L. Carl; Prody, G. A.; Hedrick, Jerry L.

doi:10.1002/mrd.1120120309

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The few studies that have been made on anurans have also implicated the Golgi complex as the source of cortical granule material (e.g., Balinsky and Devis, 1963;Ward and Ward, 1968). In X. Zaevis, N-acetyl-P-D-glucosaminidase activity has been found to be associated with cortical granules (Greve et al, 1985). A large (539-655 kDa) lectin specific for D-galactosyl sugars and that contributes to the formation of the fertilization envelope has also been isolated from cortical granule exudate and found to be an oligomer composed of up to 1 2 subunits with molecular masses of 42 and 46 kDa (Chamow and Hedrick, 1986;Nishihara et al, 1986;Wolf, 1974;Yoshizaki, 1986).…”

Section: Cortical Granule (Alveolus) Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians

Wallace

Selman

1990

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

235

152

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Oogenesis, the early events of primary oocyte growth (meiotic arrest, synapsis, ribosomal gene duplication), and folliculogenesis can be seen to particular advantage in the germinal ridge of the syngnathan ovary. After budding off the germinal ridge (a compartment of the luminal epithelium), nascent follicles then enter into a linear array of developing follicles within which temporal and stage-specific events can be correlated with spatial distribution. Prominent features of the later phase of primary oocyte growth include intense transcriptional activity and the formation and subsequent dispersal of the Balbiani vitelline body (mitochondrial cloud) concomitant with an increase in cytoplasmic organelles and volume. Further oocyte growth is characterized by a period of cortical alveolus (in teleosts) or cortical granule (in anurans) formation, in which Golgi elements play a predominant role, and finally vitellogenesis. The latter process, which is responsible for the preponderance of oocyte growth, includes the hepatic synthesis and secretion of vitellogenin (VTG), the uptake of VTG from the bloodstream into the oocyte by receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the transport of VTG via endosomes and multivesicular bodies to forming yolk platelets. In the process, VTG is proteolytically cleaved into the yolk proteins, which assume either a monoclinic (in cyclostomes) or orthorhombic (in teleosts and amphibians) crystalline array. Other structures associated with the growing oocyte are also briefly discussed, including nuage, the vitelline envelope, intercellular junctions between the oocyte and overlying follicle cells, pigment, intramitochondrial crystals in ranidae, and annulate lamellae.

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Section: Cortical Granule (Alveolus) Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians

Wallace

Selman

1990

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

235

152

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“…Few studies demonstrate that glycosidases in the CG such as N-acetyl-glucoseaminidase might be involved in modifications of the carbohydrate residues of ZP 3 , in a mode that will prevent additional sperm binding by these receptors (Greve et al 1985;Lambert 1989;Miller et al 1993). Future studies revealing the enzymatic content of the rat cortical granules and its effect on the ZP could serve as a step towards identification of the sperm receptor and post-fertilization changes of the mammalian ZP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Post-fertilization changes in the zona pellucida glycoproteins of rat eggs

Raz

Skutelsky

Shalgi

1996

Histochem Cell Biol

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The zona pellucida (ZP) is the extracellular coat surrounding the mammalian egg. Numerous evidence supports the role of ZP carbohydrate residues as the specific sperm receptors. In this study we used lectins to study different distribution patterns of carbohydrate residues in the rat ZP, and to follow changes at fertilization. ZP were collected from follicular, ovulated, and fertilized eggs, incubated with one of 11 different biotin-labeled lectins, followed by avidin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) complex, and visualized by epifluorescent microscopy. For electron microscope (EM) histochemistry, eggs were embedded in LR white and ultrathin sections were stained with the complex Ricinus communis lectin (RCA-1)-colloidal gold. Some lectins (RCA-I, Glycine max) bound to the entire ZP while others were restricted to the inner or outer zones [Griffonia simplicifolia, Concanovalia ensiformis, Triticum vulgaris (WGA), succinyl-WGA]. Other lectins (Lens culinaris, Ulex europhaeus) were totally excluded. The RCA-1 binding pattern changed following sperm penetration, from homogeneous in ZP of ovulated eggs (57%) to uneven in ZP of fertilized (71%) or activated (68%) eggs. Our results demonstrate an uneven distribution of different sugar residues in the rat ZP, and a post-fertilization change in the distribution of beta-galactose, which is specifically recognized by RCA-I, presumably correlated with other changes in the ZP that lead to the block to polyspermy.

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“…In X. laevis, it was found that N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity was associated with similar cortical granules. 36 An autoradiographic study also demonstrated the incorporation of [ 3 H] glucose into the content of cortical alveoli of teleost oocytes. 34 Moreover, we found that they disappear in the fertilized egg (unpublished data).…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Sretarugsa¹,

Weerachatyanukul²,

Chavadej³

et al. 2001

ScienceAsia

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Developing oocytes in adult Rana tigerina can be divided into six stages based on size, color and histology. The stage I oocyte (50-350 µm) is characterized by translucent cytoplasm and a smooth nuclear membrane. The major portion of its cytoplasm contains a large quantity of free ribosomes. Cytoplasmic organelles confined to the peripheral part of oocyte include a few mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, primary and secondary lysosomes, and a few lipid droplets. The stage II oocyte (360-550 µm) contains alcian-blue positive cortical alveoli at the periphery and large central nucleoli in the nucleus. The stage III oocyte (560-900 µm) is characterized by the deposition of yolk platelets and formation of pigmented granules. The cortical alveoli are greatly increased in number as well as in size. Endocytotic activity on the surface of oocyte can be observed. The stage IV oocyte (910-1300 µm) is characterized by a large number of main yolk bodies, cortical alveoli and melanin granules. High endocytotic activities are observed. In the stage V oocyte (1310-1500 µm), most of the melanin granules migrate to the animal pole, while the cortical granules are concentrated underneath the oolemma. The stage VI or fully grown oocyte (1510-1700 µm) is characterized by a complete absence of melanin granules in the vegetal pole and by the cessation of endocytotic activity. Studying the development of ovaries in frogs at various ages reveals that definitive ovaries are formed in the one-month-old frog. Ovaries of two-to four-month-old frogs contain only stage I oocytes, while the ovaries of twelve-monthold frogs contain oocytes of all stages, which indicate the maturity of female frogs. Studying the seasonal variation of ovaries throughout the year reveals that there are no stage VI oocytes in ovaries collected from November to February, while these oocytes are present during the period from March to October.

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N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase activity in the cortical granules of Xenopus laevis eggs

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians

Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians

Post-fertilization changes in the zona pellucida glycoproteins of rat eggs

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