N-Acetylcysteine prevents baker’s-yeast-induced inflammation and fever

In many individuals with major neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, their disease characteristics are consistent with a neuroprogressive illness. This includes progressive structural brain changes, cognitive and functional decline, poorer treatment response and an increasing vulnerability to relapse with chronicity. The underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroprogression are thought to include neurotrophins and regulation of neurogenesis and apoptosis, neurotransmitters, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cortisol and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and epigenetic influences. Knowledge of the involvement of each of these pathways implies that specific agents that act on some or multiple of these pathways may thus block this cascade and have neuroprotective properties. This paper reviews the potential of the most promising of these agents, including lithium and other known psychotropics, aspirin, minocycline, statins, N-acetylcysteine, leptin and melatonin. These agents are putative neuroprotective agents for schizophrenia and mood disorders.

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“…oxidative pathways, which may provide another potential neuroprotective pathway (Ferreira et al, 2012).…”

Section: N-acetylcysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Putative neuroprotective agents in neuropsychiatric disorders

Dodd

Maes

Anderson³

et al. 2013

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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“…Of those amino acids, Leu, Glu, Ser, Arg, Ala, Val, and Gly showed good radical scavenging activity . Moreover, hydrophobic amino acids such as Val, Leu, Ala, Ile, and Pro are believed to enhance antioxidant activity by increasing the solubility of peptides in lipids and donating protons to lipid‐derived radicals . In addition, Cys is a good proton donor which is regarded as an important amino acid associated with physiological processes .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the peptidome released from keratins in Saiga antelope horn and goat horn under simulated gastrointestinal digestion

et al. 2019

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Goat horn (Caprae Hircus Cornu, GH) has been used as a substitute for Saiga antelope horn (Saigae Tataricae Cornu, SAH) in the clinic and the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, peptides released from SAH and GH under simulated gastric and intestinal digestion were identified. The results showed that most of the peptides released from SAH and GH under simulated gastrointestinal digestion were hydrophilic, and over 75% of the peptides from keratins (KRTs) were hydrophilic. In total, over 58% of the identified peptides were released from KRTs, and were from the four main regions of KRTs. The peptide features and the peptide release profiles from KRTs in SAH and GH were similar, which may provide a method for the identification of sustainable alternatives to replace the threatened SAH, and provide further evidence of the feasibility of using GH as a replacement for SAH based on their peptidomic analysis.

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“…In that regard NAC has been shown to potentially impact on oxidative biology, both by increasing glutathione levels and directly scavenging free radicals (Dean et al, 2012;Shungu, 2012). It has also shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, reverse models of mitochondrial toxicity, reduce apoptosis and enhance neurogenesis, factors also pertinent to the persistent pathophysiological progression of schizophrenia (Berk et al, 2008a,b;Ferreira et al, 2012). The effects derived from chronicity in terms of the progression of oxidative stress imbalance may provide a substrate on which NAC may be more effective with its correspondent implications for response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%