N- and S-doped mesoporous carbon as metal-free cathode catalysts for direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cells

Abstract

N and S dual-doped carbon materials, N-S-CMK-3, are fabricated with >1000 m2 g−1 surface area and uniform mesoporous and macroporous structures, and exhibit outstanding ORR activity and durability in both half cell and direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cell tests.

Investigation on Template Etching Process of SBA‐15 Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbon on Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…The most commonly used etching agents such as HF,, NaOH, and PVDF etched SBA‐15 resulted in negative replicated carbons possess highly ordered mesoporous network when compare with other etching agents such as KOH,, K 2 CO 3 , NH 3 . The higher surface area of mesoporous carbon has been reported by Singh et al .…”

“…In this report, the changes in “n” values could be caused by various factors such as changes in layer roughness, alteration occurred in the oxygen coverage and poor kinetics of peroxide reduction by Pt ring under alkaline conditions. Qiu et al . reported the SBA‐15 template derived 10% HF etched OMC showed the onset potential of 0.76 V, the current density of 2.3 at 0.2 V, the n value of 2.6 and peroxide yield 85% respectively.…”

Edge Chemistry of Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons Containing Sulfur Functional Groups: Towards an Understanding of the Spin‐Dependent Electrochemistry

“…Carbon materials with sulfur functional groups are efficient in removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions, as well as on bio‐renewable alcohol fuel cells using N and S dual‐doped mesoporous carbon . Liang et al., synthesized N–S codoped graphene for the oxygen reduction process. They found that their material exhibited an outstanding electrochemical ORR catalytic performance.…”

Ordered Iron‐ and Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Framework as a Carbon Monoxide‐Tolerant Alkaline Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst

“…Therefore, the development of high‐activity, CO‐tolerant catalysts (at low cost) to replace Pt‐based catalysts for ORR is a particularly important aim towards practical applications for AEMFCs. Recently, heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts, such as N‐doped, S‐doped, and P‐doped carbon materials, have been extensively studied and used in the ORR because of their high energy conversion efficiency, environmentally friendly nature, and good stability. Among them, the N‐doped carbon catalyst is the most efficient material and has received much attention.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] However, the high cost and low tolerance for CO have becomeamajor problem,w hich limits the widespread use of Pt-based catalysts in the cathode for the ORR. [12] Therefore, the development of high-activity,C O-tolerant catalysts (at low cost)t or eplace Pt-based catalysts for ORR is ap articularly importanta im towards practical applications for AEMFCs.Recently,heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts,s uch as N-doped, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] S-doped, [21][22][23] and P-doped [24] carbon materials,h ave been extensivelys tudied and used in the ORR because of their high energy conversion efficiency,e nvironmentally friendly nature,a nd good stability.A mong them,t he Ndoped carbon catalyst is the most efficient material and has received much attention. Thep yridine-N and quaternary-N in the carbon matrix, which are electron donors,w ill weaken the OÀOb ond due to the bonding between oxygen and nitrogen and/ort he adjacentc arbona tom, [25] thus improving the ORR catalytic activity of the catalyst.…”