“…The efficient electrocatalytic graphene for electrochemical reactions can be achieved by creating the catalytically active sites in graphene while maintaining its high charge mobility. More recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to introduce heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, boron and etc., into graphene oxide [20,21] or graphene nanoplatelets [16,22] for improvement of their electrocatalytic activity. To the best of our knowledge, little attention has been focused on graphene films grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) as CEs for the DSSCs, which is due to the inert nature of the pristine graphene with limited defects or edge planes.…”