N-doping TiO2 hollow microspheres with abundant oxygen vacancies for highly photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

Li, Chang; Gu, Meng Zhen; Gao, Ming; Liu, Ke Ning; Zhao, Xin; Cao, Nai Wen; Feng, Jing; Ren, Yiru; Wei, Tong; Zhang, Ming Yi

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.180

Cited by 83 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The OVs narrowed the band gap from 3.18 to 2.83 eV and hindered the recombination of photogenerated carriers, improving photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency. 52 Wang et al prepared defect-controlled TiO 2 nanotubes (TiO 2 −H 2 -DA) by annealing under a hydrogen atmosphere and the amine-assisted remedying strategy, and catalysts with an optimal vacancy defect density could better prolong visible light absorption and suppress carrier complexation. 53 Zhang et al developed a Cudoping strategy on TiO 2 ultrathin nanosheets to tune the concentration of OVs in the ultrathin photocatalyst.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Vacancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the variation of the vacancy concentration plays a crucial role in nitrogen fixation performance. , Li et al used nitrogen-doped TiO 2 hollow microspheres to control the OV content by the hydrothermal method. The OVs narrowed the band gap from 3.18 to 2.83 eV and hindered the recombination of photogenerated carriers, improving photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency . Wang et al prepared defect-controlled TiO 2 nanotubes (TiO 2 –H 2 -DA) by annealing under a hydrogen atmosphere and the amine-assisted remedying strategy, and catalysts with an optimal vacancy defect density could better prolong visible light absorption and suppress carrier complexation .…”

Section: Fabrication Of Vacancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the improvement of the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance is often the result of the synergistic effect of several factors. For example, metal doping and anionic vacancies can synergistically modulate the energy band structure of semiconductors and broaden the spectral response range; doping non-metals in TiO 2 is a simple way to modulate the oxygen vacancy content, which can provide more active centers for the adsorption and activation of N 2 . , Therefore, more attempts should be made to combine various modification strategies.…”

Section: Challenges Gaps and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance: A Short Review

Wang

Liang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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As an indispensable energy source, ammonia plays a significant role in industrial and agricultural production. Given that the current ammonia production is still dominated by the energy-intensive and high-carbon-footprint Haber–Bosch process, photocatalysts for nitrogen reduction represent a low-energy-consuming and sustainable approach to generate ammonia, which have received extensive attention and research. However, photocatalytic nitrogen fixation materials have limitations, such as the difficulty in N2 adsorption and activation and the recombination of photogenerated carriers. It is still a serious challenge to improve the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance to realize its industrial application. It is crucial to master and explore the strategies for improving the performance of photocatalysts. Therefore, this paper reviews the traditional and emerging strategies for improving the performance of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and briefly prospects the existing challenges and future opportunities. This review is expected to provide momentous breakthroughs on photocatalysts for artificial nitrogen fixation in the next stage.

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Section: Fabrication Of Vacancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of Vacancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges Gaps and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advanced Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance: A Short Review

Wang

Liang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…34,67,68,73 (2) The introduction of heteroatomic doping simultaneously generates oxygen vacancies. 91,92 (3) Ultraviolet photolysis. 93 (4) Partial oxidation of low metal ions, 70 etc.…”

Section: Recent Catalyst Advances In Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural design and control of photocatalytic nitrogen-fixing catalysts

Xia

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…However, its activity is restricted by the low light utilization, high photogenerated carrier recombination, and limited active sites. As one of the most important defects, oxygen vacancies can efficiently improve the NRR activity of TiO 2 . ,− Liao et al immobilized Ti 3 C 2 MXene on P25, which introduced abundant oxygen vacancies into P25. DFT calculations (Figure a and b) demonstrated that OV-TiO 2 presented a longer NN bond and shorter Ti–N bonds compared to pristine TiO 2 , which confirmed that N 2 molecules were apt to be an adsorbed and activated layer on OV-TiO 2 .…”

Section: Construction Of Active Sites For Nrrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress and Perspectives on Active Sites of Photo- and Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

et al. 2022

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Ammonia is closely relevant to human production and life. Although the widely used conventional Haber−Bosch process has a relatively high ammonia yield, it has obvious disadvantages of high energy consumption, serious pollution, and harsh reaction conditions. Compared with the Haber−Bosch process, photo-and electrocatalytic N 2 fixation has been demonstrated to be energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and economical because the ammonia can be generated under mild conditions. During the photo/electrocatalytic ammonia-production processes, sunlight or electricity is used as the renewable energy input, the atmosphere is used as the nitrogen source, and water is used as the proton source. However, the ammonia yields of the photo-and electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation are commonly low, which is mainly resulted by the lack of active sites to adsorb N 2 molecules and active N�N triple bonds. On the basis of the discussion about the importance of active sites for ammonia synthesis by summarizing the reaction mechanism of photo-and electrocatalytic methods, we outline the common methods of producing abundant active sites of N 2 adsorption and activation on the surface of catalysts, including vacancy introduction, heteroatom doping, cocatalyst support, and frustrated Lewis pairs construction. We also summarize the detection methods of ammonia, as well as other problems existing during the photo-and electrocatalytic nitrogen-fixation processes.

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N-doping TiO2 hollow microspheres with abundant oxygen vacancies for highly photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

Cited by 83 publications

References 106 publications

Advanced Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance: A Short Review

Advanced Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Performance: A Short Review

Structural design and control of photocatalytic nitrogen-fixing catalysts

Research Progress and Perspectives on Active Sites of Photo- and Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction

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