N-Heterocyclic carbene–Pd(II) complex derived from proline for the Mizoroki–Heck reaction in water

Potential N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck Reaction

“…Compared to organic solvents, water is safe, nontoxic, nonflammable, and inexpensive. Therefore, development of organic reactions in water is still attractive enough .…”

Crystal structure of (1-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl-κN)methyl)-3-isopropyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene–κC)dibromidopalladium(II), C18H25Br2N3Pd

“…Recent studies have showed that N-heterocyclic carbenemetal complexes derived from proline were e cient catalysts in C-C coupling reactions such as Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions [5][6][7][8][9]. The central palladium atom in the title complex is coordinated by one carbene ligand and the N atom in the pyrrolidine ring, which is also coordinated with two bromine atoms to give the nearly square planar coordination mode, as shown in the gure.…”

Crystal structure of ((1-((1-benzylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl)-3-ethyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-κ2 C,N)dichloridopalladium(II), C17H23Cl2N3Pd

“…According to the recent contributions from Shao's group, the conclusion can be drawn that N-heterocyclic carbenepalladium and -rhodium complexes derived from the commercially available proline skeleton are useful catalysts in the C-C bond formations performed in neat water under mild conditions [5][6][7][8]. The central palladium atom in the title complex is coordinated by four ligand atoms: one carbene moiety, the N atom in the pyrrolidine moiety and two chlorido ligands to give a very slightly twisted square planar coordination mode.…”