N loss to drain flow and N2O emissions from a corn-soybean rotation with winter rye

Gillette, K.; Malone, Robert W.; Kaspar, T. C.; Ma, Liwang; Parkin, Timothy B.; Jaynes, Dan B.; Fang, Qiannan; Hatfield, Jerry L.; Feyereisen, Gary W.; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.054

Cited by 39 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Furthermore, Gu et al (2016) reported growing season N mineralization at their site exceeded 147 kg N ha -1 while October to May simulated mineralization for CCH_L_0 was <70 kg N ha -1 . These results, along with the results reported by Gillette et al (2018) for unfertilized rye at this site, suggest the simulated N uptake by winter rye was reasonable. Furthermore, Fang et al (2008) and Hu et al (2006) reported that RZWQM can simulate the effects of different N application rates on N uptake by winter wheat (Supplemental Table S1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Harvesting the rye 20 d later without April fertilizer application (CCH_L_0) decreased N loss by 56%. Using the same model parameters as the current study, Gillette et al (2018) concluded that "RZWQM reasonably simulated the relative effects of winter rye on N loss in drain flow over the nine year period [of field data] compared to the no cover crop system. "…”

Section: Drainage Nitrate Loss and Net Energymentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The model has been thoroughly tested in Iowa for numerous subsurface drained corn-soybean systems (Thorp et al, 2007Malone et al, 2010Malone et al, , 2014bFang et al, 2012), including several with winter rye as a cover crop (Li et al, 2008;Qi et al, 2011;Malone et al, 2014a;Gillette et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study (i) simulates the effects of harvesting a winter rye cover crop within a corn-soybean rotation on drainage N loss in central Iowa using the field-tested RZWQM reported by Gillette et al (2018), (ii) estimates producer revenue at different fertilizer-N rates for rye biomass production, and (iii) estimates the net energy potential of rye for selected N rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, and Drainage Nitrogen Loss

Malone

Obrycki

Karlen

et al. 2018

Agricultural & Env Letters

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Harvesting fertilized rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop has been suggested as a method to increase producer revenue and biofuel feedstock production, but drainage N loss impacts are currently unknown. Using the tested Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) across several N rates, spring application of 120 kg N ha -1 prior to winter rye harvest reduced drainage N loss by 54% compared with no cover crop and by 18% compared with planted rye that was neither fertilized nor harvested. Estimates of producer revenue and net energy were also positive, with 8.3 Mg ha -1 of harvested rye biomass. If confirmed by field studies, these results suggest that double-cropping fertilized rye is a promising strategy to increase producer revenue, increase net energy production, and reduce drainage N loss. Core Ideas• Fertilizing winter rye increased estimated revenue and harvestable biomass.• Fertilizing winter rye increased net energy production.• Harvesting fertilized winter rye reduced simulated drainage N loss.• Rye revenue in response to fertilizer rate plateaued at approximately 120 kg N ha −1 .• Field studies are needed to evaluate fertilized/ harvested rye cover crop.Abbreviations: CC, cover crop; CCH, unfertilized harvested cover crop; CCH_L_x, late harvest of fertilized cover crop; DM, dry matter; NCC, no cover crop.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Drainage Nitrate Loss and Net Energymentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, and Drainage Nitrogen Loss

Malone

Obrycki

Karlen

et al. 2018

Agricultural & Env Letters

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“…Alternatively, outcomes can be approximated by mechanistically modeling the underlying processes that drive NO 3 losses. Cropping systems simulation models are routinely used in the Midwest to evaluate interactive effects of management, environment and genetics on crop yields and NO 3 leaching [7,12,[36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can multi-strategy management stabilize nitrate leaching under increasing rainfall?

Martinez-Feria

Nichols

Basso

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The increased spring rainfall intensity and amounts observed recently in the US Midwest poses additional risk of nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching from cropland, and contamination of surface and subsurface freshwater bodies. Several individual strategies can reduce NO 3 loading to freshwater ecosystems (i.e. optimize N fertilizer applications, planting cover crops, retention of active cycling N), but the potential for synergistic interactions among N management practices has not been fully examined. We applied portfolio effect (PE) theory, a concept originally developed for financial asset management, to test whether implementing multiple N management practices simultaneously produces more stable NO 3 leaching mitigation outcomes than what would be predicted from implementing each practice independently. We analyzed simulated data generated using a validated process-based cropping system model (APSIM) that covers a range of soils, weather conditions, and management practices. Results indicated that individual management practices alone explained little of the variation in drainage NO 3 loads but were more influential in the amount of residual soil NO 3 at crop harvest. Despite this, we observed a general stabilizing effect from adopting well-designed multi-strategy approaches for both NO 3 loads and soil NO 3 at harvest, which became more pronounced in years with high spring rainfall. We use the PE principle to design multi-strategy management to reduce and stabilize NO 3 leaching, which resulted in 9.6% greater yields, 15% less NO 3 load, and 61% less soil NO 3 at harvest than the baseline typical management. Our results make the case for applying the PE to adapt NO 3 leaching mitigation to increased climate variability and change, and guide policy action and on-the-ground implementation.

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Evapotranspiration, Transpiration, and Evaporation Processes and Modeling in the Soil–Residue–Canopy System

Irmak,

Kukal

2022

Modeling Processes and Their Interactions in Cropping Systems

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N loss to drain flow and N2O emissions from a corn-soybean rotation with winter rye

Cited by 39 publications

References 68 publications

Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, and Drainage Nitrogen Loss

Harvesting Fertilized Rye Cover Crop: Simulated Revenue, Net Energy, and Drainage Nitrogen Loss

Can multi-strategy management stabilize nitrate leaching under increasing rainfall?

Evapotranspiration, Transpiration, and Evaporation Processes and Modeling in the Soil–Residue–Canopy System

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