N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mediates loss of intrinsic activity measured by functional MRI

Brier, Matthew R.; Day, Gregory S.; Snyder, Abraham Z.; Tanenbaum, Aaron; Ances, Beau M.

doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8083-6

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Findings from functional MR imaging increasingly implicate antibody-mediated disruption in neuronal network connectivity as the cause of impairment following AE. [17][18][19] In patients recovering from NMDAR encephalitis, reduced connectivity between the bilateral anterior hippocampi and…”

Section: Aid-ae In Patients With Antibodies Against Cell-surface Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CSF biomarkers of neuronal and glial cell damage represent obvious early candidates as part of a comprehensive profile (e.g., total tau, neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein 149 ), especially when interpreted alongside neuroimaging biomarkers, which have already shown promise in this area. 12,[16][17][18][19] Beyond evaluation, there is a need to develop neuroprotective treatments that promote recovery and minimize the longterm sequelae of AE-including AiD. Work is underway in this important area in cellular and animal models of AE, 150,151 although the timeline and potential for human translation remain unclear.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late consequences of AE are well detailed in case series that consistently report associations between delays in initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, latent variables of disease severity (i.e., requirement for ICU admission or second-line immunosuppressant treatments), and poorer cognitive outcomes. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Additionally, studies reporting disruptions in structural 12,[14][15][16] and functional connectivity [17][18][19] in patients recovering from AE suggest that prolonged neuroinflammation may contribute to synaptic, 20 cellular, 21,22 and networklevel dysfunction that may associate with long-term cognitive impairment sufficient to warrant a dementia diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Dementia

Long

Day

2018

Semin Neurol

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Dementia refers to an acquired syndrome of intraindividual cognitive decline that ultimately interferes with an individual's ability to manage their usual duties at work or home. As experience with the diagnosis and management of patients with autoimmune and paraneoplastic encephalitis (AE) has expanded, it has become increasingly apparent that dementia may arise as a subacute or chronic complication of immune-mediated injury to the central nervous system. Progressive memory and thinking problems may represent the first (or only) sign of an underlying autoimmune or paraneoplastic disease. Accordingly, there is a need to routinely consider the diagnosis of AE in patients with dementia, and to evaluate patients recovering from AE for clinically meaningful cognitive impairment. We review and summarize the available evidence concerning the diagnosis and care of AE patients with associated cognitive impairment, herein referred to as autoimmune dementia (AiD). Relevant information is used to propose a novel diagnostic framework that may be applied to improve recognition, and facilitate the expedited evaluation and treatment of patients with AiD.

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Section: Aid-ae In Patients With Antibodies Against Cell-surface Antimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoimmune Dementia

Long

Day

2018

Semin Neurol

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“…Gray matter volume morphometry has proven informative in other PNS diseases with axonal damage and central inflammatory processes (both infections and noninfectious). Regarding brain function, whole‐brain network analysis of rsFC has proven a powerful tool to elucidate distributed functional brain reorganization due to neuroinflammation, and to contribute clinically useful key prognostic indicators, for example, in virus‐borne neuro‐inflammations including N ‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis and HSE …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization

Bido-Medina

Wirsich

Rodríguez

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo determine the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on brain structure and functional organization of severely affected adult patients with neurological complications that extend beyond Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS)‐like manifestations and include symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS).MethodsIn this first case–control neuroimaging study, we obtained structural and functional magnetic resonance images in nine rare adult patients in the subacute phase, and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. ZIKV patients showed atypical descending and rapidly progressing peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations, and importantly, additional CNS presentations such as perceptual deficits. Voxel‐based morphometry was utilized to evaluate gray matter volume, and resting state functional connectivity and Network Based Statistics were applied to assess the functional organization of the brain.ResultsGray matter volume was decreased bilaterally in motor areas (supplementary motor cortex, specifically Frontal Eye Fields) and beyond (left inferior frontal sulcus). Additionally, gray matter volume increased in right middle frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity increased in a widespread network within and across temporal lobes.InterpretationWe provide preliminary evidence for a link between ZIKV neurological complications and changes in adult human brain structure and functional organization, comprising both motor‐related regions potentially secondary to prolonged PNS weakness, and nonsomatomotor regions indicative of PNS‐independent alternations. The latter included the temporal lobes, particularly vulnerable in a range of neurological conditions. While future studies into the ZIKV‐related neuroinflammatory mechanisms in adults are urgently needed, this study indicates that ZIKV infection can lead to an impact on the brain.

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“…In addition, three advanced imaging modalities are introduced below: fMRI: Functional MRI (fMRI) is used to measure the brain activity [68], which responds to either external stimuli or passive activity in a resting stage, as shown in Figure 4(d). It is based on the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast [69], by imaging the changes in blood flow related to energy used by cells in the brain [70].…”

Section: Other Modalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Brain Detection by Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanning (Invited Review)

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Zhan³

et al. 2016

PIER

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Abstract-(Aim) Pathological brain detection (PBD) systems aim to assist and even replace neuroradiologists to make decisions for patients. This review offers a comprehensive and quantitative comparison for PBD systems by artificial intelligence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning. (Method) We first investigated four categories of brain diseases, including neoplastic disease, neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular disease, and inflammation. Next, we introduced important MRI techniques, such as the shimming, water and fat suppression, and three advanced imaging modalities (functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging). Then, we discussed four image preprocessing techniques (image denoising, slice selection, brain extraction, spatial normalization, and intensity normalization), seven feature representation techniques (shape, moment, wavelet, statistics, entropy, gray level co-occurrence matrix, and Fourier transform), and two dimension reduction techniques (feature selection and feature extraction). Afterwards, we studied classification related methods: six learning models (decision tree, extreme learning machine, k-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes classifier, support vector machine, feed-forward neural network), five kernel functions (linear, homogeneous and inhomogeneous polynomial, radial basis function, and sigmoid), and three types of optimization methods (evolutionary algorithm, stochastic optimization, and swarm intelligence). (Results) We introduced three benchmark datasets and used K-fold stratified cross validation to avoid overfitting. We presented a detailed quantitative comparison among 44 state-of-theart PBD algorithms and discussed their advantages and limitations. (Discussions) Artificial intelligence is now making stride in the PBD field and enjoys a fair amount of success. In the future, semi-supervised learning and transfer learning techniques may be potential breakthroughs to develop PBD systems.

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N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mediates loss of intrinsic activity measured by functional MRI

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Autoimmune Dementia

Autoimmune Dementia

Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization

Pathological Brain Detection by Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanning (Invited Review)

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