N-Midpoint Rule for Calculating the Effective Mesonic Potential at Finite Temperature

Linear Sigma Model at Finite Temperature and Baryonic Chemical Potential Using the N-Midpoint Technique

“…In (6), the integration is solved by the 𝑁-midpoint algorithm as in [17]. The index 𝑛 is taken 𝑛 = 1000 to get a good accuracy for the numerical integration.…”

“…In [12,17], the authors applied the second derivation of the effective potential respect to 𝜎 󸀠 and 𝜋 󸀠 to obtain the effective meson masses. The first derivative of the effective potential 𝑈 eff (𝜎 󸀠 , 𝜋 󸀠 , 𝑇 󸀠 ) is given by…”

“…The aim of this work is to calculate the effective mesonic potential in the presence of the baryonic chemical potential at finite temperature using the 𝑁-midpoint rule. The present paper is extended from the previous work [17] at finite baryon chemical potential. The calculated effective potential is used to obtain meson properties, the pressure, and the energy density.…”

“…The model is modified to provide good description of baryon properties at zero temperature as in [4][5][6][7][8][9]. At finite temperature and zero baryonic potential, the model gives a good description of meson properties and thermodynamic properties as in [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Effects of Gravitational Field of a Topological Defect on Statistical Properties of Heavy Quarkonia.

“…where 0 < r < ∞, 0 < θ < π, and 0 < ϕ < 2π, 0 < α = 1 − 4J is the topological parameter of the cosmic string, χ = 4GJ c 3 is the torsion [23] parameter and J denotes the linear mass density [30,31] of the cosmic string. From General Relativity (GR), we know that the values of J varies in the interval J ∈ ]0, 1[.…”