N, P, and S tri-doped holey carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in whole pH range for fuel cell and zinc-air batteries

Material design and surface chemistry for advanced rechargeable zinc–air batteries

“…Similarly, Long et al synthesized N, S, and P tri-doped holey carbon using thiocyanuric acid and phosphoric acid (PA) as the dopant sources. 59 They found an increased number of pores with highly specic surface area in the electrocatalyst when the PA content increased. In addition, the defect density (R) of (I D 0 + I D + I G 0 )/I G was derived, suggesting that multi-heteroatom doped sample with higher R value than other samples could induce more defective sites and increase the catalytic activities.…”

“… 55 More importantly, tri-doping can further enhance the catalytic activity by a synergistic effect between different dopants. 59 Recently, Wang et al synthesized N, S, and P tri-heteroatom-doped graphene (NSP-Gra) using thiourea and disodium phosphate as N, S, and P sources, respectively. 54 Compared with N, S co-doped graphene, NSP-Gra exhibited excellent OER performance because of several defect sites and synergistic effect between N–S dopants.…”

“…[50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts showed superior ORR performances in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. [57][58][59] In addition, it has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst owing to its advantages such as earth abundance, low price, environmental friendliness, and ease in tunability of their catalytic properties and structures. 60,61 Heteroatom doping strategies have been widely studied as an efficient way to improve the catalytic properties of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts.…”

“…50–56 Metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts showed superior ORR performances in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. 57–59 In addition, it has emerged as a promising electrocatalyst owing to its advantages such as earth abundance, low price, environmental friendliness, and ease in tunability of their catalytic properties and structures. 60,61…”

Electronic Tuning of Core–Shell CoNi Nanoalloy/N-Doped Few-Layer Graphene for Efficient Oxygen Electrocatalysis in Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries

“…8,9,11−14 Accordingly, considerable research effort is now being devoted to the discovery of efficient and precious metalfree bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts. [7][8][9]15,16 Pt and IrO 2 (or RuO 2 ) represent the benchmark ORR and OER electrocatalysts, respectively. 1,17,18 However, these noble metal catalysts are not practical for ZABs due to their high cost and poor stability in alkaline media (i.e., susceptibility deactivation or dissolution processes, respectively).…”