N-Silylated Benzothiazolium Dye as a Coupling Agent for Polylactic Acid/Date Palm Fiber Bio-composites

Crosslinked starch-coated cellulosic papers as alternative food-packaging materials

“…21 The lack of the peak at 1250 cm À1 for the bleached cellulosic papers demonstrated that the lignins, pectins, waxes, and hemicelluloses were completely removed from the ber surface during the bleaching procedure. 10 The organized and amorphous starch structures were attributed to the three characteristic bands at 1080, 1014, and 960 cm À1 , assigned to the C-O bond stretching band, con-rming that the starch powder extracted from potato corresponded to the commercial starch powder. 21,23 The changes observed in the infrared absorption band around 1150 cm À1 were attributed to the C-O-C asymmetric stretching vibrations, and were associated with changes in the glycosidic bonds in the starch molecules, leading to a decrease in hydrophilicity.…”

“…In comparison to alkaline treatment, bleaching those bers is known to clean the bers surface of a huge quantity of impurities, such as lignin. 9,10 It is commonly known that weak bonds break at a lower temperature in lignin, but strong linkages, such as the C-C linkage and other aromatic rings, dissociate at a greater temperature. The presence of lignin affects cellulose breakdown by accelerating dehydration and enhancing the development of char.…”

“…Alkaline treatment was employed to eliminate the hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes from the Alfa ber cell wall's exterior surface, as done in our previous works. 9,10 The bers were immersed in an aqueous solution containing 6 wt% of NaOH for 18 h at room temperature, stirring constantly, before being ltered and rinsed with tap water.…”

“…The alkali-treated bers (AT-F) were bleached using a sodium chloride solution (NaClO 2 at 1.7 wt%) in an acidic environment (pH 4-5) at 95 C (oil bath) with continuous stirring for 5 h, as detailed in our previous works. 9,10 The mixture was then allowed to cool before being ltered, rinsed thoroughly with distilled water, and then oven dried at 60 C, resulting in bleached cellulose bers (BC-F).…”

“…Consequently, chemical treatment of the ber's surface appears to be required. [9][10][11] Bleaching treatment is the most commonly used process in the food-packaging industrial sector. 6,12,13 Indeed, the extracted cellulose is a natural ber-derived product with excellent performance and customized mechanical and physical qualities, making it the most appealing renewable material for sophisticated applications.…”