n‐SnO_x as a Transparent Electrode and Heterojunction for p‐InP Nanowire Light Emitting Diodes

Abstract

Transparent electronics are rapidly evolving with the development of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). This work investigates both the electrical and optical properties of n‐type tin oxide (SnOx) film, deposited at various levels of oxygen concentration using magnetron sputtering. The band alignment at InP–SnOx interface is further studied and SnOx deposited at various conditions is used to demonstrate InP nanowire (NW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) to understand the trade‐off between absorption and resistance. It is found that the device with lower resistance but higher absorption outperforms in terms of output power. Emission from the devices consists of two peaks at room temperature due to conduction band‐to‐heavy hole band transition and conduction band‐to‐light hole band transition. Decreasing the operating temperature brings about quite a complex transition in all the devices, which consists of two additional peaks due to Zn acceptor level and zincblende/wurtzite (ZB/WZ) recombination at NW/substrate interface. At temperatures below 208 K, the emission peak from conduction band‐to‐light hole band transition quenches, however the emission peaks from Zn acceptor level and ZB/WZ recombination become prominent. This work lays the foundation for realizing a new generation of efficient transparent electrodes in conjunction with NWs, eliminating the complex epitaxial growth process optimization of NW shell growth, heterostructure and doping.

Plasmonic Nanopillars—A Brief Investigation of Fabrication Techniques and Biological Applications

“…A nanopillar is defined as an array of submicron-sized pillars composed of dielectrics, semiconductors, or metals. They have been used to develop advanced optical components such as flexible perovskite solar cells [16][17][18][19][20][21] and waveguide-coupled light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [22][23][24][25][26]. In cell-based assays, nanopillar (NP)-fabricated cell culture substrates are used to acquire valuable biological information from the membranes of cultured cells [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Thin SnxNiyOz Films as p-Type Transparent Conducting Oxide and Their Application in Light-Emitting Diodes

“…The demand for transparent electronics is steadily increasing due to technological advancements in transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). TCOs such as ZnO, SnO 2 , and ITO have been extensively studied for various applications such as flat panel displays, gas sensors, LEDs, photovoltaic devices, solar cells, and transistors due to their high electrical conductivity and high transparency in the visible wavelength region. − To date, TCOs used for commercial purposes are predominantly n-type, and extensive investigation is ongoing to develop p-type TCOs that are reliable for practical applications.…”

Directional Lasing in Coupled InP Microring/Nanowire Systems

“…In spite of these efforts, achieving vertical laser emission with controlled directionality in nanowires is still very challenging. Moreover, due to complexities such as Joule heating and light absorption in metal contacts, [ 41 ] electrically injected lasing in single III–V nanowires has not been realized so far.…”