N₂O as a Universal Reaction Gas to Overcome Spectral Interference in Determining Metal Impurities in Mg(TFSI)₂ Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries by Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

A new strategy for the determination of metal impurities in magnesium bis­(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)­imide (Mg­(TFSI)2) electrolytes for rechargeable magnesium batteries using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was proposed. Mg­(TFSI)2 was dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and 13 metal impurity elements were directly determined. Since N2 has a lower O atom affinity (1.6 eV) than the O atom (5.2 eV), N2O was a more effective O atom transfer gas than O2. In the MS/MS mode, N2O was selected as the reaction gas, and high sensitivities and low limits of detection (LODs) of analytes were obtained by mass shift methods. The accuracy of proposed analytical methods was assessed by the spike recovery experiments and comparative analyses using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS). LODs were in the range of 0.18–26.6 ng kg–1, the recoveries were 92.5%–107%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.0%–5.3%. No significant difference was observed between the ICP-MS/MS and SF-ICP-MS results at a 95% confidence level. The measurement realized the rapid determination of 13 metal impurity elements in Mg­(TFSI)2 using N2O as a reaction gas with high sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The method was applied for the analysis of Mg­(TFSI)2 products with satisfactory results.

Rechargeable Seawater Batteries Based on Polyimide Anodes

“…As shown in previous studies, a major benefit of redox-active polymers, particularly PI, is their ability to accommodate a large variety of cations regardless of their charge density. , In contrast to conventional intercalation compounds, whose electrochemical performance can be affected by the presence of foreign ions in the electrolyte solutions, PI can operate stably in seawater comprising a variety of cations and anions. − Clearly, the multi-ion nature of seawater especially its high Cl – ions content should be taken into account when selecting an appropriate positive electrode (the cathode side).…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Two papers by Fu et al have used ICP-MS/MS to determine analytes in lithium hexafluorophosphate 226 and magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. 227 In the first of these papers, polyatomic interferences were eliminated during the determination of 18 analytes in lithium hexafluorophosphate (an important electrolyte in lithium ion batteries) through the use of reaction gas mixtures in the reaction/collision cell. 226 Two operating modes were used.…”

“…For the triple quad instrument methods, recoveries of spiked samples were in the range 92.4–108% and precision was typically 5–6%. The other paper 227 was similar in structure but differed in that it measured only 13 analytes in the different matrix and also compared nitrous oxide with oxygen and ammonia/helium as a reaction gas. The nitrous oxide donated O better than oxygen alone and hence results for most analytes were significantly improved compared with the introduction of oxygen alone.…”

Universal N2O Reaction Gas To Remove Spectral Interferences of Nonmetallic Impurity Elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of High-Purity Magnesium Alloys

“…H 2 can react with the nonmetallic ion Cl + by mass shift reactions; therefore, the H 2 mass shift method can also be used for the determination of Cl. − Although the reaction efficiency of this method with Cl + is higher than that of the O 2 mass shift method, the abundance of the H 2 Cl + product ion is still relatively low. As a more effective reaction gas for O-atom transfer reactions than O 2 , ,, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) can react with more atomic ions to form oxide ions and can undergo N-atom transfer reaction with some atomic ion species to form nitride ions. − However, previous studies on N 2 O as reaction gas mainly focused on its reactions with metal ions, and the determination of nonmetallic elements by ICP-MS/MS using N 2 O as reaction gas has rarely been reported to date . In this study, N 2 O was used as reaction gas to determine the challenging nonmetallic elements Si, P, S, and Cl in high-purity Mg alloys by ICP-MS/MS, aiming to develop a new method for highly sensitive and accurate determination of nonmetallic elements in high-purity Mg alloys.…”