N-succinyl chitosan preparation, characterization, properties and biomedical applications: a state of the art review

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>N-succinyl chitosan (NSC) remains a promising chitosan derivative to develop targeted drug delivery, wound dressings, and tissue engineering systems. All these systems are important in life sciences. NSC is an amphiprotic derivative obtained from the N-acylation of chitosan. NSC exhibits extraordinary biocompatibility, significantly increased aqueous solubility in acidic and basic media without affecting the biological properties, appreciable transfection efficiency, and the ability to stimulate osteogenesis. NSC shows enhanced bioavailability, which highlights its potential applications in the biomedical field. This review briefly introduces chitosan, including its limitations as a biomaterial, and modifications of chitosan with a particular focus on acylation, along with a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, characterization, properties, biodistribution, and toxicological/biopharmaceutical profile of NSC. Furthermore, it extensively surveys current state-of-the-art NSC-based formulations for drug delivery with special emphasis on protein delivery, anti-cancer activity in the colon, as well as nasal and ophthalmic targeted gene/drug delivery. Moreover, it discusses NSC-based biomaterial applications in articular, adipose, and bone tissue engineering. In addition, it describes recent contributions of NSC-based hydrogels in wound dressings along with a brief account of drug delivery in combination with tissue engineering. Finally, it presents potential current challenges and future perspectives of NSC-based formulations in the biomedical field.</jats:p>

A functional chitosan-based hydrogel as a wound dressing and drug delivery system in the treatment of wound healing

“…62,63 More chitosan modied studies were used in the hydrogel for wound healing dressings are listed in Table 2. 58,59,[64][65][66] 3.1.2. Combined with other polymers.…”

Preparation of In Situ Cross-Linked N-Maleoyl Chitosan-Oxidized Sodium Alginate Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications

“…Smart and controllable based drug delivery hydrogels considered as a preferable alternative which can improve in decreasing the dosage and side effects compared to the single unit release of tablet [6], [7]. However, the applications of chitosan in controllable drug delivery systems are limited due to its solubility [8], [9], [10].…”

Carbohydrate polymer based pH-sensitive IPN microgels: Synthesis, characterization and drug release characteristics

“…Carbohydrate polymers are inexpensive and they can offer interesting properties such as excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, nonimmunogenicity and non-carcinogenicity [10]. Of those naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers, chitosan (CS), a linear cationic polysaccharide comprising of β(1-4) linked glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine units, is generally obtained from the deacetylation of chitin [11].…”