N-Vinylcarbazole: As an Additive for Thermal Polymerization  at Room Temperature with in situ Formation of  Ag(0) Nanoparticules

Tehfe, Mohamad‐Ali; Elkoun, Saïd; Robert, Mathieu

doi:10.3390/app5030241

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Noteworthy, control experiments (3 wt % Iod alone in EPOX and 1 wt % NPG in EPOX) do not lead to significant CP processes (no or very low conversion), showing the role of the CTC for efficient polymerization. Also, as in the literature, it is possible to increase the final epoxide conversion (FC) by the introduction of N -vinylcarbazole (NVK , ) additive: 10% FC (Figure A, curve 2) against 20% FC (Figure A, curve 3). Interestingly, when adding 50 wt % fillers to the formulation, final conversion under LED@405 nm irradiation is unambiguously increased by reaching 70% epoxide conversion where only 40% were obtained for the clear sample under similar experimental conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Photochemical, Thermal Free Radical, and Cationic Polymerizations Promoted by Charge Transfer Complexes: Simple Strategy for the Fabrication of Thick Composites

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel strategy for the preparation of extremely thick composites by photochemical and/or thermal free radical polymerization (FRP) and/or cationic polymerization (CP) under low-energy consumption visible light emitted diodes (LEDs) is described. The approach is based on the use of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) formed between N-aromatic amines (donors) and iodonium salts (Iod, acceptors). Remarkably, it is demonstrated for the first time that these CTCs can be used as thermal initiators for free radical polymerization (FRP) initiation with performances comparable to dibenzoyl peroxide-based systems. The decomposition temperature of these CTC thermal initiators can be modulated through the selection of the amine, providing much safer conditions for synthesis, storage, and handling than that of the classical thermal initiators. A good stability in resin is also noted.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Photochemical, Thermal Free Radical, and Cationic Polymerizations Promoted by Charge Transfer Complexes: Simple Strategy for the Fabrication of Thick Composites

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PVK was chosen because of its nearly insulating property with very low hole mobility (4.8 × 10 −9 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ) without backbone conjugation, [ 21 ] high glass transition temperature (≈220 °C) [ 22 ] and ease of fi ber printing originating from the high molecular weight ( M w = 1 100 000). Although PVK nanofi bers with diameters of 400-500 nm were fi ne for pixel separation (Figure 1 e), we used relatively thick fi bers to increase the thickness of layers that can be separated by the fi bers, and enhance insulation between pixels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Noninvasive Organic Fiber Lithography for Large‐Area Optoelectronics

Cho

Jeong

Min

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The development of precise, chemical‐free, and low‐cost pixel patterning with high resolution and throughput instead of conventional photolithography is very important for large‐area flexible organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays or solid‐state lightings with high aperture ratio. Here, a novel scalable and noninvasive lithography is reported as a pixel patterning method for OLEDs using highly aligned printed organic fiber arrays in large area. Use of electrohydrodynamic organic nanowire printing (ONP) enables high‐speed large‐area fabrication and precise positioning of poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) fiber pixel separator arrays without chemical damage. Due to circular cross‐section of PVK fibers, clear and effective separation of organic and metal cathode layers by PVK fibers is achieved. Easy control of interfiber separation in ONP also enables the demonstration of green OLED subpixels with different pixel widths (400, 200, 100 μm), which shows almost the same current efficiency and luminance as OLEDs without PVK fibers; i.e., PVK fiber pixel separators in OLEDs do not degrade OLED characteristics because the devices maintain almost the same electroluminescent area. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that individually well‐aligned organic fibers are useful for pixel patterning of large‐area, flexible OLEDs by fabricating a large‐area (3 cm × 3 cm) white OLED and a flexible dot–matrix‐display‐type OLED.

show abstract

“…As many IPN generating strategies, dual FRP/CP should show great advantages of both propagating modes and reduced oxygen inhibition: a smart combination of both networks is expected. Two studies can be mentioned concerning the dual RFRP/RCP initiation: first, the pioneering work by Tehfe et al, inspired by recent advances in the light induced dual FRP/CP, used Diphenylsilane (DPSi) in combination with N-vinylcarbazole (FRPCP enhancing additive) with AgSbF 6 salt [262]. The proposed chemical mechanisms are highlighted in Scheme 29: the silane is reduced by Ag(I) which leads to the formation of a silyl radical (useful for RFRP of acrylates) and H + ,SbF 6 − superacids that are useful for (activated) epoxides RCP initiation.…”

Section: Dual-curing: Redox Frp/cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox two-component initiated free radical and cationic polymerizations: Concepts, reactions and applications

Garra

Dietlin

Morlet‐Savary

et al. 2019

Progress in Polymer Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Redox polymerizations are of huge importance throughout academic and industrial polymer science. Many authors propose the reaction of reducing (Red) and oxidizing (Ox) agents to accelerate/initiate radical or cationic polymerizations. As a result of activation energies typically below 80 kJ/mol, such reactions can occur under mild conditions, e.g., at room temperature, with reduced energy consumptions and robust in applications, such as the fabrication of composites. However, a clear definition of redox polymerization can only be found in reviews dealing with redox free radical polymerizations (FRP) published twenty years ago (or more). Therefore, a fresh and broader update is provided here for more recent work. The concepts involved when the "Red" and "Ox" agents constituting the redox initiating system are mixed under mild conditions are presented, followed by a discussion of the redox FRP initiating systems in bulk. Initiating systems dealing with the redox cationic polymerization (CP) are reviewed, and parallels between conventional FRP/CP and controlled polymerizations, in which redox systems are used, is provided. Many redox agents are useful in both modes. Finally, dual-cure (redox/photochemical; redox dual FRP/CP) systems is presented and selected applications are reviewed. Altogether, the state of the art for redox two-component polymerizations is provided, along with some perspectives.

show abstract

N-Vinylcarbazole: As an Additive for Thermal Polymerization at Room Temperature with in situ Formation of Ag(0) Nanoparticules

Cited by 6 publications

References 75 publications

Photochemical, Thermal Free Radical, and Cationic Polymerizations Promoted by Charge Transfer Complexes: Simple Strategy for the Fabrication of Thick Composites

Photochemical, Thermal Free Radical, and Cationic Polymerizations Promoted by Charge Transfer Complexes: Simple Strategy for the Fabrication of Thick Composites

Scalable Noninvasive Organic Fiber Lithography for Large‐Area Optoelectronics

Redox two-component initiated free radical and cationic polymerizations: Concepts, reactions and applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About